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Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Ukrainian Motherland Monument, Kyiv

Eastern Europe

Ukraine

Warsaw Pact

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Shelest, P. IU. (Petro IUkhymovych)

1908 - 1996

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Sawczuk, Wlodzimierz

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

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Il’nyts’kyi, Yu. V.

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Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918 - 1989

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Czechoslovakia. Embassy (China)

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August 30, 1968	Cipher Message 3235-8/223, Warsaw to Minister of National Defense of the Polish People's Republic Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski Because the Warsaw Pact has recently conducted a large number of military exercises and the costs of doing so, and given the present military occupation of Czechoslovakia, Soviet Marshal Yakubovsky proposes postponing the October joint military exercise to the following year. Yakubovsky solicits Polish General Jaruzelski's opinion on the matter.
August 30, 1968	Cipher Telegram 3234-8/220, Warsaw to Minister of National Defense of the Polish People's Republic Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski Following the successful completion of the first stage of the joint military exercise in Czechoslovakia, Soviet Marshal Yakubovsky gives orders to Polish General Jaruzelski concerning the second stage. Four specific orders are given: the Polish military leadership must maintain friendly relations with the political bodies and civilians of occupied Czechoslovakia; maintain military preparedness; ensure the maintenance of proper living conditions for the Polish troops; and maintain adequate food supply and medical support for the Polish troops.
August 1968	Letter from Czech Communist Politicians to Brezhnev Requesting Soviet Intervention in Prague Spring In August 1968 a small group of pro-Moscow hardliners in the Czechoslovak Communist Party, led by Vasil Bilak, wrote two letters requesting urgent assistance from the Soviet Union to thwart the imminent "counterrevolution" in Czechoslovakia. Both letters were addressed to Leonid Brezhnev, the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU), and both were written in Russian to ensure that they would be read promptly. The first (and more important) letter was signed by Bilak and four of his colleagues: Drahomir Kolder, Alois Indra, Oldrich Svestka, and Antonin Kapek. Brezhnev later used the letter as a formal justification for the impending military invasion of Czechoslovakia.
September 30, 1968	Gen. Djurov’s Report on the participation of Bulgarian troops in the Warsaw Pact operation in Czechoslovakia, 30 September 1968 The Minister reports on the progress of the allied operation and on the strength of the Czech resistance.
October 10, 1969	Working Material for the Preparation of a European Security Conference An analysis written by the GDR's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the respective positions of European socialist states, socialist states in general, and NATO and other capitalist European states, on the organization of a European security conference, as well as guidance for carrying out the CSCE negotiations based upon an analysis of each side's perceived strengths and weaknesses
August 20, 1968	Secret Decree of the Council of Ministers of the PR of Bulgaria for the Participation of Bulgarian Troops in the Warsaw Pact Operation in Czechoslovakia
October 11, 1968	Stenogram of a Session of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldavia Discussion in the Moldavian Communist Party Central Committee on the effects of Romanian mass media on the Moldavian population following the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
August 8, 1968	Attaché Note from Prague on Events in Czechoslovakia from 28 July to 5 August 1968 Memorandum from Chief of General Staff II General Oliwa to Chief of General Staff and Deputy Minister of National Defense, General Chocha. General Oliwa is sending a note from the Military Attaché in Prague assessing the events in Czechoslovakia from 28 July to 5 August 1968. The status of the party and public opinion on the party in Czechoslovakia is highlighted throughout.
August 20, 1968	Report No. 10 from Generals Pavlovsky and Kovalov to Brigadier General Florian Siwicki General Pavlovsky writes to the Commander of the Polish Second Army, Brigadier General Florian Siwicki. He lists preliminary steps in Operation Danube where the troops enter from Poland into Czechoslovakia.
August 20, 1968	On the Troops’ State of Readiness Report given out by the Polish Army General Staff regarding the state of Polish combat troops for the intervention in Czechoslovakia. States that the armies are in full readiness and are ready to move toward Czechoslovakia at any time. An overview of the area in Czechoslovakia that they are invading is also given at length.