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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

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Chinese Nuclear Testing

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

China-Southeast Asia Relations

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Southeast Asia

Indonesia

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The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

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North Korea

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

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China. Embassy (Indonesia)

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Kaifu, Toshiki

1931 - 2022

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November 17, 1964	Echo of Recent International Events in Cuba This document provides an in-depth analysis of Cuba's reactions to various international developments during late 1964. Cuban leaders were pleased with the radical anti-imperialist tone and diplomatic successes of the Cairo Conference of Non-Aligned Countries. Fidel Castro welcomed French President de Gaulle's anti-American stance during his Latin America trip, linking it to tensions in pro-American governments. The British Labour Party's election victory was viewed positively, fostering hopes for policies aligned with Cuba's interests. Domestically, Nikita Khrushchev's ousting in the USSR created distrust and concerns about the continuity of Soviet support. Lastly, Cuba cautiously celebrated China's first nuclear test, seeing it as a potential shift in global power dynamics favoring socialism. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 13, 1991	Cable No. 3008 from Ambassador Hashimoto Hiroshi (China) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to China (Meeting With General Secretary Jiang Zemin) (2 of 2)' Kaifu and Jiang discuss Sino-Japanese relations, arms transfers, and China's accession to the NPT.
August 12, 1991	Cable No. 3000 from Ambassador Hashimoto Hiroshi (China) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to China and Mongolia (Meeting of the Japanese and Chinese Foreign Ministers)' Nakayama Taro and Qian Qichen discuss Taiwan's participation in APEC, arms control, China's accession to the NPT, Sino-Japanese political and economic relations, and Chinese fishing vessels operating in Japan's territorial waters.
August 11, 1991	Japan-China Summit Meeting (Outline) (Confidential) Li Peng and Kaifu Toshiki discuss Sino-Japanese relations, a possible visit to China by the Emperor of Japan, Taiwan, North Korea, arms control, Cambodia, Mongolia, Hong Kong, and the environment.
August 10, 1991	Japan-China Summit Meeting (Arms Control and Disarmament) Li Peng and Kaifu Toshiki discuss China's accession to the NPT, the sale of conventional arms, and North Korea's proposal for the Korean Peninsula to be declared a nuclear-free zone.
November 18, 1967	Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Chinese Communist Problem' Ahead of a visit by Chiang Ching-kuo to Japan, the Japanese Foreign Ministry reviews the political situation on Mainland China.
August 19, 1955	Proposal of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education on Providing Assistance to the Chinese People’s Republic in Training Specialists for Work in the Area of the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy The CPSU CC agrees to assist the PRC with nuclear energy training.
August 19, 1955	Letter to the Soviet Ambassador [in Beijing] The Soviet Union will help to train Chinese specialists in the area of nuclear energy.
June 16, 1966	Letter, USSR Ministry of Finance to the Ministry of Finance of the Chinese People’s Republic, Beijing The USSR balked at China’s desire for a refund of money contributed to the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) after it decided to pull out of the institute.
April 3, 1964	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Reporting the Contents of Premier Zhou's Talks with the Ambassadors of Arab Countries in China' Zhou discusses China's relationships across the Middle East, including PRC policy toward Israel. He also reviews the proposed nuclear-weapons-free-zones in Africa and Latin America, as well as developments concerning the Non-Aligned Movement and the Second Asian-African Conference.