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South Asia

Afghanistan

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South Asia

Pakistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

China and South Asia

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Yegorov, V. D.

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Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Pakistani Nuclear History

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

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China. Embassy (Indonesia)

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Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904 - 1997

Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918 - 1970

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Documents

May 19, 1982	Memorandum of Conversations between SED General Secretary Erich Honecker and Afghan Leader Babrak Karmal Karmal describes threats against the Soviet-backed Afghan government from Pakistan, Iran, the US, China, and Egypt.
August 22, 1960	Memorandum of Conversation Between Deputy Minister Geng and Pakistani Ambassador to Afghanistan Abdur Rahman Khan at Ambassador Khan’s Banquet for Vice Premier Chen Pakistani Ambassador to Afghanistan Khan and Chinese Deputy Minister Geng discuss Sino-Afghani trade, Sino-Pakistani relations, and the status of Pakistani and Chinese nationals in Indonesia. While both officials express hope that Sino-Pakistani relations will improve and any Sino-Pakistani border issues will soon be resolved, Geng expresses his displeasure with Pakistan's long-standing opposition to the restoration of China's seat at the UN.
June 9, 1982	Conversation between Soviet Foreign Ministry Official Mikhail S. Kapitsa and Deputy Foreign Minister of Mongolia D. Yondon Record of conversation between Mikhail S. Kapitsa, the head of the First Far Eastern Department of the Soviet Foreign Ministry, and D. Yondon, First Deputy Foreign Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic. They discuss foreign relations with China, Japan and North Korea. They also discuss the current situation in Vietnam, India and Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
January 31, 1980	Secretary of Defense Harold Brown to Ambassador-at-Large Gerard C. Smith, enclosing excerpts from memoranda of conversations with Geng Biao and Deng Xiaoping. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had an immediate impact on U.S. policy toward Pakistan and U.S. aid to the anti-Soviet resistance through Islamabad. With these considerations, the U.S. chose to “set [the nuclear issue] aside for the time being.”
September 5, 1978	'Ambassador’s Talk with General Zia,' Embassy Islamabad cable to State Department Ambassador Hummel describes a conversation with General Zia. They discussed the cancellation of the French reprocessing project, disputes over the Pakistani-Afghan border, and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTRO).
March 28, 1979	Soviet Communication to the Hungarian Leadership on the Situation in Afghanistan This document discusses the strained political situation in Afghanistan in terms of counter-revolutionaries attempting to overthrow the government. Such revolutions in part came from reactionary Muslim regions, some of which are replete with Shiites who may have been influence by the Chinese government.