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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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United States

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Western Europe

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Western Europe

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Euratom

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Western Europe

Germany

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Western Europe

Great Britain

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

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European Commission (EC)

1958 -

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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Fahmy, Nabil‏

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Boris Yeltsin at the United Nations, October 1995

Yeltsin, Boris

1931 - 2007

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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February 28, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the President of the EC Commission on Monday, 24 February 1992: Main Issues and Results of Working Lunch Kohl an Delors look into potential problems on the road with regards to the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. They discuss GATT, internal EC reforms and the perspectives of Britain's EC Council Presidency.
October 7, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with French President Mitterrand on 18 September 1991, 13:45 – 15:15 hours Kohl and Mitterrand explore ideas for the creation of a NATO-WEU-European pillar in cooperation with the Bush Administration. Moreover, they discuss the war in Yugoslavia and Franco-German differences which Mitterrand even compares to the situation prior to World War I in 1914.
September 10, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the President of the EC Commission, Jacques Delors, on Monday, 9 September 1991, 16:40 until 16:55 hours Kohl and Delors examine the role of the European Community in the stabilization of the Soviet Union's economy including financial aid.
October 2, 1967	Letter from Derek Day (Foreign Office) to Michael Palliser (Private Secretary for Foreign Affairs to the Prime Minister) Responding to a request from Michael Palliser (Wilson's Private Secretary for foreign affairs), the Foreign Office's seasoned Europe-watcher Derek Day argued that the government needed to balance three – sometimes conflicting – UK interests. First, there was the position as a European power, particularly with regard to the ongoing EEC application. Second, there was the UK's status as a nuclear power, in which the UK shared “special responsibilities” with the US, exemplified by the UK's acquisition of Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missiles as its primary nuclear deterrent. Third, there was the desire to see a non-proliferation treaty concluded, which sometimes meant disagreement with both the United States and the Soviet Union. Day contended that the United Kingdom seemed to have been successful in positioning itself as understanding European anxieties, with Bonn having congratulated Wilson's administration on bring “good Europeans.” Day's assessment was seen and lauded by Wilson, who hoped that it was correct.
March 1, 1967	Note for the Record [about a Meeting between the Prime Minister, Sir Burke Trend, and Sir Solly Zuckerman at 10:30a.m. on 1 March 1967] Two "Notes for the Record" from March 1, 1967, describe the vigorous discussions between senior UK government figures, including Harold Wilson, Foreign Secretary George Brown, Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Lord Chalfont, and chief scientific adviser to the government Solly Zuckerman. Brown argued that "our posture on the matter should be distinctively European rather than one of supporting the United States against other European countries." Wilson was even more explicit, stating that "our approach should be that of a European power discussing the matter with European partners and not seeking to fight American battles." Wilson was keen to let Washington take the lead so that his government might avoid upsetting the French, as had happened with the debates over De Gaulle's 1966 withdrawal from the NATO command structure.
March 1, 1967	Note for the Record [about a Meeting between the Prime Minister, the Foreign Secretary, and Lord Chalfont at 6:50p.m. on 1 March 1967] Two "Notes for the Record" from March 1, 1967, describe the vigorous discussions between senior UK government figures, including Harold Wilson, Foreign Secretary George Brown, Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Lord Chalfont, and chief scientific adviser to the government Solly Zuckerman. Brown argued that "our posture on the matter should be distinctively European rather than one of supporting the United States against other European countries." Wilson was even more explicit, stating that "our approach should be that of a European power discussing the matter with European partners and not seeking to fight American battles." Wilson was keen to let Washington take the lead so that his government might avoid upsetting the French, as had happened with the debates over De Gaulle's 1966 withdrawal from the NATO command structure.
October 15, 2020	Interview with Eran Lerman Eran Lerman is a former Israeli intelligence officer. He served as a member of the Israeli delegation to ACRS.
November 2, 2020	Interview with Ariel Levite Dr. Ariel Levite is a former Israeli senior official. He served as a member of the Israeli delegation to ACRS and the inter-ministerial committee on arms control.
November 27, 2020	Interview with Yezid Sayigh Yezid Sayigh is a former Palestinian diplomat. He served as an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to ACRS.
October 5, 2020	Interview with Robert Gallucci Ambassador Robert Gallucci is a former US diplomat. He served as a member of the US delegation to ACRS.