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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Chernyaev, A. S.

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Walesa, Lech

1943 -

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Caranfil, Gheorghe

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Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918 - 1989

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Civic Forum (Czechoslovakia)

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Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

German Reunification

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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December 7, 1989	Telegram from the Romanian Embassy to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Telegram from the Romanian Embassy to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the special plenary session of the CC of the CPB to deal with demands by the ‘Bulgarian Democratic Forces Association’ to have free elections and a multi-party system
December 10, 1989	Information Note from the Romanian Embassy in Sofia to the [Romanian] Ministry of Foreign Affairs Note from the Romanian Embassy in Sofia to the [Romanian] Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding street protests in Bulgaria due to disapproval with the measures adopted by the special plenum of the CC CPB
December 13, 1989	Letter by Ognyan Doynov to Delegates of the People’s Assembly Letter by Ognyan Doynov to delegates of the People’s Assembly criticizing Zhivkov and his retinue and calling for those who worked under Zhivkov to give way to new leadership
May 2, 1989	Excerpt from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev Excerpt from Anatoly Chernyaev’s Diary expressing worry at Gorbachev’s lack of conception of the direction in which the Soviet Union is moving
November 7, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation between Comrade Oskar Fischer and the Soviet Ambassador V[yacheslav] I. Kochemassov at 11:45 a.m. Memorandum of Conversation between Comrade Oskar Fischer and the Soviet Ambassador V[yacheslav] I. Kochemassov discussing measures to be taken to prevent the permanent exit of GDR citizens via the CSSR
November 10, 1989	Verbal Message from Mikhail Gorbachev to Helmut Kohl Verbal message from Mikhail Gorbachev to Helmut Kohl regarding the GDR’s decision to allow unrestricted travel to the FRG
1989	Note by Lech Walesa Regarding Further Procedure of Talks Note by Lech Walesa regarding further procedure of talks including questions of size of groups and representation for the Roundtable talks as well as a proposal for an agenda for the working groups
May 1989	Hungarian Secret Police Memorandum, 'Ensuring the Security of Preparations for the Burial of Imre Nagy and his Asssociates [on 16 June 1989]' Hungarian Secret Police memorandum, “Ensuring the security of preparations for the burial of Imre Nagy and his associates [on 16 June 1989]”, regarding plans to maintain security using the dissemination of information concerning possible retaliation for extremist action, and the use of operatives
October 1986	Note on Proposals for Meetings between Chairman of the Council of State and Representatives of Opinion Making Social Groups Note on proposals for meetings between Chairman of the Council of State and Representatives of Opinion Making Social Groups regarding dialogue, mediation and questions regarding the set-up of such meetings
December 18, 1989	Telegram from the Romanian Embassy in Moscow to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bucharest) Telegram from the Romanian Embassy in Moscow to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bucharest) regarding the issuing of visas for Romania to Soviet citizens, particularly to Soviet Jews who have permission to emigrate to Israel, and asking whether to issue visas to Romanians who live in the Soviet Union for vacation purposes