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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891 - 1986

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Sino-Soviet Relations

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Vassiliev Notebooks

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

North Korean Public Diplomacy

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

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Vassiliev, Alexander

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Nevada-Semipalatinsk Movement

1989 -

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Documents

September 13, 2018	Oral History Interview with Richard Butler The interview with Richard Butler, conducted by Michal Onderco, examines Australia’s proactive role in nuclear arms control and disarmament during the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference. Butler discusses Australia’s bipartisan commitment to non-proliferation and the influence of its uranium resources and regional concerns, including French nuclear testing in the Pacific, on its policies. He highlights Australia’s diplomatic efforts, particularly engaging Israel to support the NPT’s objectives and collaborating with South Africa to advance disarmament proposals at the conference. Butler criticizes the U.S.-led push for an early pledge of indefinite extension as counterproductive and recounts his role in fostering consensus through private diplomacy. He concludes with reflections on the systemic issues of nuclear non-proliferation, the challenges of implementing NPT principles, and his cautious optimism during that period for eventual nuclear disarmament. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
October 29, 1973	Personal Letter from the Head of the KGB, Yurii Andropov, to the General Secetary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Andropov gives his views on American and Soviet strategy vis-a-vis the 1973 Yom Kippur War.
November 30, 2016	Oral History Interview with Sha Zukang Ambassador for Disarmament Affairs and Deputy Permanent Representative of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
February 7, 2017	Oral History Interview with Ben Sanders Co-founder of the Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) and advisor to the Conference President Dhanapala.
March 22, 2017	Oral History Interview with Thomas Graham Untied States special representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament.
May 25, 1981	Speech by Yu. V. Andropov at the National Consultation Meetings of the Leadership of the Agency and Troops of the KGB of the USSR, 'On the Tasks of the KGB in Light of the Decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU' In a speech delivered at a meeting of the KGB, Andropov discusses the results of the 26th Congress of the CPSU, the state of Soviet intelligence work, and suggests areas of improvement in KGB intelligence work in light of heightened international tensions.
April 2, 1965	Record of Conversation between Premier Zhou Enlai and the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan Zhou, Ayub Khan, and Zulfikar Bhutto discuss the Vietnam War, China's relations with the US and the Soviet Union, the Second Asian-African Conference, and the Non-Aligned Movement.
June 19, 1965	Record of Conversation between Premier Zhou and Premier Sabry Zhou and Enlai and Ali Sabry discuss developments in Algeria, prospects for the Second Asian-African Conference, Egypt's tenuous food situation and trade relations with countries such as Argentina, Canada, and the US, and the latest news from Vietnam.
June 22, 1965	Minutes of the First Meeting between Premier Zhou Enlai and President Nasser Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser discuss developments in Algeria and the fate of the Second Asian-African Conference.
June 21, 1965	Minutes of the Second Meeting between Premier Zhou Enlai and President Nasser Zhou and Nasser discuss developments in Algeria, the Second Asian-African Conference, oil in the Middle East, US foreign policy, and the economic situation in Egypt.