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North America

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Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Members of the Programme for Promoting Nuclear Nonproliferation

Ben Sanders Papers

Nuclear Proliferation

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN)

1986 -

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

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South Asia

India

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Sanders, Ben

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South Asia

Pakistan

Indian Nuclear History

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Southern Africa

South Africa

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The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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United States. Department of State

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Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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April 23, 1991	Memorandum for William F. Sittmann from Sandra Charles, 'Minutes and Summary of Conclusions for NSC Deputies Committee Meeting on Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East, April 10, 1991, 11:21 a.m.-12:06p.m.' Request for approval of meeting minutes for a Deputies Committee meeting on WMD in the Middle East.
April 9, 1991	Memorandum for Robert M. Gates from Daniel Poneman, 'Deputies Meeting on WMD in the Middle East, April 10, 11 a.m., Situation' [with attachments] Attachments include: "Points to be Made for Deputies Committee Meeting on Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East, "A U.S. Proposal for Dealing with WMD in the Region," and "ARCA/WMD Gameplan."
November 2021	The ACRS Working Group Oral History Roundtable On 3-4 November 2021, on the heels of the 30th anniversary of the 1991 Madrid Conference, the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) and the Nuclear Proliferation International History Project (NPIHP) at the Wilson Center hosted a virtual roundtable as part of their 1990s Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS) Working Group oral history project. The event convened around 20 former ACRS delegates from key regional and extra-regional states for an in-depth exchange on their personal recollections from the ACRS process. In four sessions, which were conducted virtually over two days, participants revisited: the genesis of ACRS; the format and process of the ACRS Working Group; fault lines and inflection points during ACRS; and its successes, failures, and lessons learnt from the process.
September 4, 1969	Record of Meeting between Minister Aichi and Premier Kosygin Japanese Foreign Minister Aichi and Soviet Premier Kosygin discuss bilateral relations, disputed territories, the legacies of World War II, China, and the NPT.
March 23, 1979	Cabinet Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 'Pakistan's Nuclear Programme: Pressures and Inducements' This report, created in March 1979 by the Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, explores the state of Pakistan’s nuclear program. The document also explores topics like Pakistan’s political status among its neighbors in the Arab world, as well as possible ways Pakistan could be induced to terminate its nuclear activities. In the face of alarmists such as Arthur Hummel in the US and Anthony Parsons in the UK, the influential British analysts on the Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-proliferation thought it unlikely that Arab countries would knowingly fund Pakistan's nuclear programme, even though it was suggested many Muslim states might welcome a co-religionist achieving the ‘ultimate technological feat’. For nations such as Saudi Arabia, relations with the West were situated as far more significant than connections with Islamabad, despite Pakistan's position as a bulwark between the Muslim world and the USSR. The group suggested enlisting Arab governments in order to put pan-Islamic pressure on Pakistan, arguing that security concerns related to India – and not a desire to equip the Muslim world with a ‘nuclear sword’ – were the nuclear programme's main drivers. Addressing Islamabad’s security issues – a constant in British and American discussions about Pakistan – represented the surest way of achieving positive results. Where the pan-Islamic issue might come into play – analysts suggested – was after any Pakistani nuclear test, where Islamabad might enlist Muslim countries to help resist Western pressure to give up ‘the first nuclear weapon to be developed in a Moslem country.'
June 7, 1981	Memorandum for Mr. Richard V. Allen from L. Paul Bremer, III, ‘NSC Discussion Paper: Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Cooperation’ On 7 June 1981, the day of the Osirak raid, a policy paper composed by the ‘Senior Interagency Group on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Cooperation’ (SIG) was submitted to the NSC. The discussion paper crowned the administration’s nonproliferation efforts as a “key foreign policy objective” and called to revise the 1978 NNPA.
December 1, 1980	Recommendation for the Reagan Administration Nonproliferation Policy Following Reagan’s election in November 1980, his transition team in charge of nuclear matters called for a clean, dramatic break from the policies of the outgoing Carter administration. As for relations with the IAEA, a vital component of the policy, the ACDA paper argued that Washington should employ the agency as an agent to achieve its nonproliferation goals. The IAEA and the NPT were to be “further strengthened and given greater U.S. support.” To reinforce U.S. influence over the agency, it was recommended that “support to the IAEA in the form of financial contribution, manpower and technical advice should be increased significantly.
April 2001	Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Newsbrief, Number 53 A compilation of the latest news, events, and publications related to nuclear weapons and nuclear non-proliferation. The “Newsbrief” was produced by the PPNN and personally edited by Ben Sanders.
January 2001	Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Newsbrief, Number 52 A compilation of the latest news, events, and publications related to nuclear weapons and nuclear non-proliferation. The “Newsbrief” was produced by the PPNN and personally edited by Ben Sanders.
October 2000	Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Newsbrief, Number 51 A compilation of the latest news, events, and publications related to nuclear weapons and nuclear non-proliferation. The “Newsbrief” was produced by the PPNN and personally edited by Ben Sanders.

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) 95

Sanders, Ben 65

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 32

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 29

United States. Department of State 24

United States 253

Soviet Union 158

West Germany 80

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 180

Ben Sanders Papers 104

Nuclear Proliferation 103

Indian Nuclear History 57

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference 53