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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Indian Nuclear History

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Sino-Soviet Relations

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Fahmy, Nabil‏

-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Bulgaria. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

-

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Notte, Hanna

-

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July 4, 1979	Activities of the Korean Embassy in the GDR Among Foreign Students The North Korean Embassy in the GDR is hosting study and film sessions for foreign students from countries such as Malawi.
April 1, 1969	Embassy of the GDR in the PRC, 'Note about a Working Breakfast of the Ambassadors and Acting Ambassadors of the Fraternal Countries on 28 March 1969 in the Bulgarian Embassy' Notes on a meeting between the Ambassadors to China of the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, the Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Mongolia, and Poland, in which they discussed a border incident at the Ussuri River, among other recent developments in China.
October 10, 1988	Report by Military Intelligence on Nuclear Proliferation Report by SISMI (Military Intelligence) on the state of missile proliferation: programs and production capabilities of developing countries, analysis of countries that started autonomous missile programs. The paper also addresses the issue of possible indiscriminate diffusion of Chinese missile technology and components on the international market. Annex: Summary table.
April 12, 2017	Oral History Interview with Nabil Fahmy The interview with Nabil Fahmy provides an in-depth view of Egypt’s position and strategies during the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference. Fahmy emphasizes Egypt's focus on addressing regional asymmetries, particularly Israel's nuclear ambiguity, while advocating for global disarmament and non-proliferation. He reflects on Egypt's frustrations with unfulfilled promises from the U.S. and Israel, including failed bilateral and multilateral talks like ACRS, which underpinned Egypt’s skepticism toward the indefinite extension of the NPT. Despite knowing that indefinite extension was inevitable, Egypt used the Middle East resolution as leverage, securing its inclusion as part of the final package. Fahmy underscores Egypt's practical yet principled stance, acknowledging the challenges of disarmament and the limits of what could realistically be achieved given the prevailing geopolitical dynamics. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 23, 1966	Adrian Fisher, Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, to Hays Redmon, Staff Assistant to the President, enclosing 'Summary of Recent Soviet "Signals" on Non-Proliferation' In this report, ACDA Deputy Director Adrian Fisher summarizes Moscow's growing interest in reaching a final agreement on an NPT, in part because of its recognition of “pressures growing in third countries for development of nuclear capabilities.”
April 4, 2018	Oral History Interview with Jean duPreez Member of South Africa’s delegation to the 1995 NPT review conference.
August 12, 1957	Letter from Max Isenbergh, Special Assistant for Atomic Energy, to Robert Schaetzel, Office of Special Assistant to Secretary of State for Atomic Energy, enclosing 'Franco-German Coordination of Advanced Weapons Research, Development, and Production' During the summer of 1957, diplomats in London and Washington were becoming uneasy as they learned that France and West Germany were setting up formal arrangements to cooperate in the development of advanced weapons systems.
November 14, 2016	Oral History Interview with Uta Zapf Chairperson of the subcommittee for "Disarmament, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation" of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the German Bundestag.
February 17, 2017	Oral History Interview with Christopher Westdal Canada's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva (1999-2003)
October 20, 2016	Oral History Interview with Roland Timerbaev One of the drafters of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

Refine Results

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 28

Onderco, Michal 17

Fahmy, Nabil‏ 15

Bulgaria. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 14

United States 134

Soviet Union 107

Indian Nuclear History 54

Sino-Soviet Relations 32

ACRS Oral History Project 28

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 27

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference 24