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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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North America

United States

Satellite image of Western Europe

Western Europe

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Western Europe

France

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

Germany

Euratom

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

Boris Yeltsin at the United Nations, October 1995

Yeltsin, Boris

1931 - 2007

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

-

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March 15, 1961	Message by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate General for Political Affairs and Security (DGAP), 'American attitude toward NATO - President Kennedy's declarations' Letter from the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs analyzing President Kennedy’s State of the Union Address. Despite stating his commitment to cooperating with NATO, the minister suspects that Kennedy has other priorities. The letter suggests that if the Kennedy expresses hesitancy in creating a nuclear force, European nations including Italy will move forward with or without American support.
May 6, 1987	Letter from the Ambassador Sergio Romano to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Andreotti Italian Ambassador to Moscow, Romano, shares his reflections on the change in Soviet SDI strategy. Romano's analysis underlines the politically fragile and potentially dangerous situation that could emerge as the result of nuclear disarmament in Europe.
January 1, 1985	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'European participation to the Strategic Defense Initiative. Political implications' The report seeks to assess the possible strategic and political implications if Europe decides to join the SDI. It is difficult to predict the reaction of the Soviet Union, but ramifications for East-West relations cannot be ignored.
October 16, 1986	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'The Reykjavik Summit and issues related with disarmament' An analysis of the Reykjavik Summit touches on the impetus of the two parties, the outcome of the negotiations, and their possible implications for Italy.
May 31, 1986	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Libya' Brief note about the current position of Italy vis-a-vis Libya. Although state-supported terrorism in Libya should be fought, it is important to avoid escalating the antagonistic sentiments and pushing Libya to align with the USSR.
June 27, 1973	Telegram by Ambassador Pignatti to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'US-USSR Agreement on the prevention of nuclear war' The document describes initial reactions to the signing of the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in Washington. The new agreement raises concerns over the bipolar focus of US-USSR relations, NATO's traditional strategy, and poses questions related to autonomous European defense.
February 22, 1997	President of Centro Alti Studi Difesa, ' Note for the Minister - NATO's enlargement. Scenarios, Italian interests and possible options' The report examines the challenges associated with the enlargement of NATO, and identifies Italian interests and concerns. It outlines the motivations driving the enlargement efforts, and draws attention to the possible reduction in Italian role in the European context.
November 4, 1990	Telegram by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Perlot) to Permanent Representative to NATO, 'Review of the Alliance - The European dimension of security and the safeguard of NATO' Enzo Perlot describes the Italian position vis-à-vis the evolution of NATO and the European Union. He predicts strengthening of the European pillar, together with incresing responsibilities.
June 27, 1989	Letter from NATO Deputy General Secretary Marcello Guidi to Minister Andreotti NATO's Deputy Secretary General Marcello Guidi writes to Foreign Minister Andreotti at the end of his term volunteering his rather optimistic views on the developments in East-West relations and NATO during the past three years. Key topics include disarmament, the German question, and the future role of NATO.
November 16, 1989	Telegram by Permanent Representative to NATO Fulci to Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Atlantic Council - Soviet foreign policy' Brief overview of the debate among NATO states regarding the drastic changes in Soviet foreign policy and their effects on European security and the alliance.

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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 31

United States. Central Intelligence Agency 20

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 19

Hartmann, Peter 16

Yeltsin, Boris 14

Soviet Union 153

United States 119

Western Europe 71

Helmut Kohl Transcripts 32

ACRS Oral History Project 20

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 19

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 19