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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Emblem of the People's Republic of China

China. State Council

1954 -

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Puzanov, A. M.

-

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

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July 12, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 23 (Overall Issue No. 150) This issue announces a Sino-Norwegian trade agreement promoting economic collaboration, highlights the Sino-Soviet scientific cooperation on agricultural and industrial tools, and outlines policies for retiring military officers, including provisions for pensions, housing, and healthcare.
July 7, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 22 (Overall Issue No. 149) This issue addresses China's ultimatum to the United States to resume Sino-American negotiations within 15 days, policies to promote the recycling and utilization of scrap materials to support economic development, and agricultural initiatives in Qinghai province, including the widespread adoption of corn silage to enhance livestock feed resources. It also condemns US interference in Lebanon, reaffirming China's support for Lebanese sovereignty and the broader anti-imperialist efforts of Arab nations.
June 14, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 20 (Overall Issue No. 147) This issue focuses on adjustments to China's taxation systems, reforms to agricultural taxes to align with socialist policies, and initiatives to promote industrial investments in local areas. It also includes a statement criticizing the British administration in Hong Kong for interfering with Chinese residents' rights to display national symbols and documents administrative reorganizations in Jilin province.
February 15, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 6 (Overall Issue No. 133) This issue covers the current international situation and China's foreign policy, efforts to strengthen the management and education of demobilized soldiers, and a notice on the reorganization of autonomous regions. It also includes details on China-East Germany cooperation in public health, a trade agreement between China and the Soviet Union, regulations on worker retirement, and wages for enterprise employees, general workers, and handymen employed by the State Council. Additionally, it outlines living allowances for apprentices and student interns, regulations for workers visiting their families and associated wages, measures to enhance cooperation between agricultural cooperatives, and a notice supporting the Communist Youth League in promoting simultaneous work and study initiatives.
January 18, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 3 (Overall Issue No. 130) This issue includes a joint statement, a treaty of friendship, a business treaty, and a science and technology cooperation agreement signed between China and Yemen. It also addresses state-sponsored construction projects and work arrangements for administrative departments, particularly in the context of economic and technological cooperation between the two nations.
January 13, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 2 (Overall Issue No. 129) This document addresses a range of reforms and policies, including the transition from traditional to simplified Chinese characters, the promotion of Mandarin as the standard Chinese language, and the adoption of the pinyin system. It discusses the implementation of the household registration system, trade relations between China and Sudan, the purchase and distribution of cotton seeds, and the requisition of land for state construction projects. In the agricultural sector, it highlights measures to boost production, the role of agricultural production cooperatives, and stock funds. Additionally, it covers cultural initiatives, such as Spring Festival entertainment activities.
December 16, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 53 (Overall Issue No. 126) This issue features sections on China-Afghanistan economic exchanges, China-Poland healthcare cooperation, measures for constructing the 1958 state bonds, phytosanitary treatment measures, the State Council's decision to establish the Guannan, Tongru, and Shazhou autonomous prefectures, the abolishment of Huangzhu county, and policies on forest protection and fire prevention.
November 20, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 49 (Overall Issue No. 122) This issue focuses on science and technology cooperation between China and Poland, a draft of the 1958 national economic plan, using wine as a substitute in response to grain shortages, strengthening farmland, expanding water conservancy projects, composting campaigns, improving working conditions for high-level intellectuals, and transferring active-duty officers to government positions.
November 17, 1964	Echo of Recent International Events in Cuba This document provides an in-depth analysis of Cuba's reactions to various international developments during late 1964. Cuban leaders were pleased with the radical anti-imperialist tone and diplomatic successes of the Cairo Conference of Non-Aligned Countries. Fidel Castro welcomed French President de Gaulle's anti-American stance during his Latin America trip, linking it to tensions in pro-American governments. The British Labour Party's election victory was viewed positively, fostering hopes for policies aligned with Cuba's interests. Domestically, Nikita Khrushchev's ousting in the USSR created distrust and concerns about the continuity of Soviet support. Lastly, Cuba cautiously celebrated China's first nuclear test, seeing it as a potential shift in global power dynamics favoring socialism. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
October 23, 1985	Minutes Meeting of Italian Communist Party (PCI) Politburo, Alessandro Natta's Report on the Trip to China PCI Secretary Alessandro Natta reports to the PCI Politburo on his trip to China and his meetings with Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang. He also provides insights into apparent shifts in China's foreign policy, emphasizing Beijing's renewed focus on peaceful coexistence, non-alignment and engagement with the Third World.

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 136

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