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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

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China and South Asia

Sino-Indian Border War, 1962

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Sino-Soviet Relations

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Zhang, Hanfu

1906 - 1972

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China. Embassy (India)

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November 23, 1962	Cable from Wang Tao, 'Chairman Ho Meeting with Chargé D'Affaires Wang' Ho Chi Minh, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Labor Party of Vietnam, discusses his views on the Sino-Indian border conflict and mediation methods employed
February 17, 1984	Hugh Montgomery, director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, to Ambassador Ronald Spiers, Enclosing 'India-Pakistan: Pressures for Nuclear Proliferation,' Report 778-AR A memorandum from Hugh Montgomery, The Director of Intelligence and Research at the State Department to Ambassador Ronald Spiers discussing Indian and Pakistani nuclear proliferation. The Director details tensions between Pakistan and India, potential actions by India to stop a Pakistani nuclear program, and the influence of outside actors such as the USSR, China, and the United States.
December 13, 1950	Telegram from Zhou Enlai to Wu Xiuquan and Qiao Guanhua Zhou Enlai expresses that China is the most interested in the opinion of the U.S. and the UN regarding the conditions for an armistice on the Korean peninsula, and makes clear that the 38th parallel is no longer in existence.
June 25, 1981	Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, 'India-Pakistani Views on a Nuclear Weapons Option and Potential Repercussions' A U.S. Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research report offers an overview of the Indian and Pakistani nuclear programs, and speculates how the development of a weapon in one country could strain relations with Washington and lead to a regional nuclear arms race. India is less likely to take preventive action against Pakistan because of the risk of “antagonizing China,” the report suggests.
December 12, 1962	Entry from the Journal of Soviet Ambassador to India Benediktov, Conversation with Indian Prime Minister J. Nehru Journal entry by Benediktov describing a conversation with Indian Prime Minister J. Nehru. In the excerpt presented here, Nehru expressed a positive evaluation of Soviet-Indian relations, complimenting Khrushchev for his role in resolving the Cuban crisis, but in response to the Soviet envoy's emphasis that the border crisis with China be settled peacefully he firmly defended India's stand that PRC forces must withdraw from recently-occupied positions (e.g., return to the line held on September 8) before talks could start.
January 1, 1950	Memorandum, Conversation of Mao and USSR Ambassador to China N.V. Roshchin on 1 January 1950 Mao Zedong informs Roshchin that India and Burma had expressed interest in establishing diplomatic relations with China, and that the UK may follow suit. The Chinese position, Mao said, is to agree to negotiations if these governments renounced their ties with the Guomindang. Mao and Roshchin also discussed the military situation and the question of Japanese POWs. Mao did not the POWs right away because the Chinese legal system was not developed enough. He also informed Roshchin of his intention to curtain stay in the USSR.
November 25, 1988	Ciphered Telegram No. 333, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Report on Soviet-Indian relations based on conversations with the Indian Foreign Minister and other officials. Gorbachev's visit to India resulted in the signing of several agreements, yet there are concerns in India about the direction of Soviet foreign policy. The two countries disagree about policy towards China, Afghanistan, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
August 10, 1955	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry to Wang Bingnan, 'Talking Points for the Fifth Meeting' The Chinese Foreign Ministry instructed Chinese Representative Wang Bingnan to have the following major agreements in writing on the fifth meeting: (1) Any nationals who were willing to return to their countries should be granted permission; (2) China designated India and the US designated the UK to facilitate the repatriation of each other’s nationals.
September 19, 1952	Minutes of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and Zhou Enlai Conversation between Stalin and Zhou Enlai focusing on the Korean War. They discussed the exchange of POWs (and the Mexican proposal), peace negotiations, Chinese cooperation with India and Burma, and the creation of regional organizations. They also mentioned Germany (reunification), the situation/reforms in Xinjiang, Taiwan and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi), and military aid.
December 26, 1962	Record of Conversation Between Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Mongolian Leader J. Zedenbal Record of conversation between Zhou Enlai and J. Zedebal largely focused on the Sino-Indian border dispute