Search | Wilson Center Digital Archive

Switch to Visualization

Economic assistance, Soviet Clear All

Related Resources

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Puzanov, A. M.

-

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Cuban Foreign Relations

Placeholder image for when a Topics image is not available

North Korea's First Five-Year Plan, 1957-1961

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Fahmy, Nabil‏

-

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

Results:

31 - 40 of 255

Display:

Sort By:

Documents

November 16, 2020	Interview with Robert Einhorn Robert Einhorn is a former US diplomat. He served as the head of the US delegation to ACRS.
February 11, 2021	Interview with Bishara Bahbah Bishara Bahbah is a Palestinian professor. He was the associate director of Harvard’s Middle East Institute and served as a member of the Palestinian delegation to the Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS) talks following the Oslo Accords.
September 13, 2020	Interview with Fred Axelgard Fred Axelgard is a former US diplomat. He served as a member of the US delegation to ACRS.
December 1, 2020	Interview with Anna George Anna George is a former Australian diplomat. She served as a member of the Australian delegation to ACRS.
December 14, 2020	Interview with Rakesh Sood Rakesh Sood is a former Indian diplomat. He served as a subject matter expert for the Indian delegation to ACRS.
July 2, 1957	Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy in the Senate, Washington, D.C., July 2, 1957 On July 2, 1957, US senator John F. Kennedy made his perhaps best-known senatorial speech—on Algeria. Home to about 8 million Muslims, 1.2 million European settlers, and 130,000 Jews, it was from October 1954 embroiled in what France dubbed “events”—domestic events, to be precise. Virtually all settlers and most metropolitan French saw Algeria as an indivisible part of France. Algeria had been integrated into metropolitan administrative structures in 1847, towards the end of a structurally if not intentionally genocidal pacification campaign; Algeria’s population dropped by half between 1830, when France invaded, and the early 1870s. Eighty years and many political turns later (see e.g. Messali Hadj’s 1927 speech in this collection), in 1954, the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) launched a war for independence. Kennedy did not quite see eye to eye with the FLN. As Kennedy's speech shows, he did not want France entirely out of North Africa. However, he had criticized French action already in early 1950s Indochina. And in 1957 he met with Abdelkader Chanderli (1915-1993), an unaccredited representative of the FLN at the United Nations in New York and in Washington, DC, and a linchpin of the FLN’s successful international offensive described in Matthew Connelly’s A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria’s Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era (2002). Thus, Kennedy supported the FLN’s demand for independence, which explains its very positive reaction to his speech. And thus, unlike the 1952-1960 Republican administration of Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) that officially backed the views of NATO ally France and kept delivering arms, the Democratic senator diagnosed a “war” by “Western imperialism” that, together with if different from “Soviet imperialism,” is “the great enemy of … the most powerful single force in the world today: ... man's eternal desire to be free and independent.” (In fact, Kennedy’s speech on the Algerian example of Western imperialism was the first of two, the second concerning the Polish example of Soviet imperialism. On another, domestic note, to support African Algeria’s independence was an attempt to woe civil-rights-movement-era African Americans without enraging white voters.) To be sure, Kennedy saw France as an ally, too. But France’s war was tainting Washington too much, which helped Moscow. In Kennedy’s eyes, to support the US Cold War against the Soviet Union meant granting Algeria independence. The official French line was the exact opposite: only continued French presence in Algeria could keep Moscow and its Egyptian puppet, President Gamal Abdel Nasser, from controlling the Mediterranean and encroaching on Africa.
January 28, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 4 (Overall Issue No. 77) This issue features content on China's relations with the Soviet Union, Hungary, Afghanistan, and Hong Kong. It also has sections on tax relief and loan assistance for poor production teams and military, prevention and treatment of Kashin-Beck Disease, the collection of revolutionary history archives, regulations on production, business, infrastructure, and Soviet activities, and village transfer and reassignment.
August 7, 1962	Record of a Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev and Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan Khrushchev and Brezhnev visited King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, who was vacationing on the Black Sea. Khrushchev provided an overview of key international issues, focusing on tensions in Berlin and Taiwan, and highlighted Soviet economic growth. The King expressed gratitude for Soviet economic and military assistance and praised the work of Soviet specialists in Afghanistan. He discussed the ongoing conflict with Pakistan, emphasizing Afghanistan's neutral foreign policy and the mediation efforts of the Shah of Iran, which he viewed as ineffective. The conversation also touched on broader regional dynamics, including proposals for a bloc of Muslim countries, which both leaders considered unrealistic.
May 3, 1961	Reception of the United Arab Republic’s Parliamentary Delegation by N.S. Khrushchev On May 3, 1961, Nikita Khrushchev met with a delegation from the United Arab Republic (UAR) led by Anwar Sadat. The meeting began with expressions of gratitude and solidarity, highlighting Soviet support for UAR independence and its struggle against imperialism, particularly in relation to the construction of the Aswan Dam and resistance to Western aggression in the Middle East. Khrushchev emphasized the superiority of socialism and communism, advocating the Soviet model as an example for nations striving for independence and progress. Sadat expressed appreciation for Soviet assistance and raised concerns about the financial burden of purchasing weapons from the USSR. He requested a reduction in the price, citing UAR’s commitments to supporting anti-imperialist struggles across Africa and Asia. Khrushchev acknowledged the UAR’s vital role in the global anti-colonial movement but maintained that the USSR could not lower its weapons prices due to its own economic constraints and the need for consistency in its aid policies. Despite these limitations, Khrushchev promised to explore alternative ways to assist the UAR. The conversation concluded with mutual respect and reaffirmation of Soviet-UAR solidarity. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
June 29, 2020	Interview and Discussion with Sir Malcolm Rifkind Discussion with Sir Malcolm Rifkind, former Defense Secretary and Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, about the 1990s and the new relationship that formed after the Cold War.

Refine Results

Puzanov, A. M. 18

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 16

Stalin, Joseph 16

Fahmy, Nabil‏ 11

Soviet Union 144

United States 59

Sino-Soviet Relations 30

Stalin and the Cold War 19

ACRS Oral History Project 16

Cuban Foreign Relations 15

Korean War, 1950-1953 15