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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Interkit, 1966-1987

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Photograph of a US POW during the Vietnam War.

Vietnam War

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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Germany (East). Embassy (China)

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September 4, 1969	Record of Meeting between Minister Aichi and Premier Kosygin Japanese Foreign Minister Aichi and Soviet Premier Kosygin discuss bilateral relations, disputed territories, the legacies of World War II, China, and the NPT.
June 11, 1949	Letter, Jiang Qing to Mao Zedong Jiang Qing writes to Mao Zedong about her health, developments in the Chinese Civil War, and the problems of Chinese Communist Propaganda.
September 18, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and S. Radhakrishnan, President of India This document summarizes a 1964 conversation between Nikita Khrushchev and Indian President S. Radhakrishnan, covering topics such as agricultural innovation, economic development, and the ongoing Sino-Indian conflict. Khrushchev criticizes China's hostility toward India and mocks Mao Zedong's leadership, expressing frustration that China resented the Soviet Union's refusal to support them against India. The discussion reflects Soviet-Indian solidarity and Khrushchev's broader disapproval of Chinese foreign policy and internal governance.
September 18, 1964	Dictation of N.S. Khrushchev on the Draft Treaty with China on Resolving Border Disputes This document captures Khrushchev’s reflections on a draft border treaty with China, in which he responds to Chinese claims that Tsarist Russia unfairly seized territory. Khrushchev argues that both Russian tsars and Chinese emperors pursued expansionist, exploitative policies and suggests that current borders are inherited from those historical systems. He emphasizes the need to resolve disputes peacefully and pragmatically, focusing on mutual recognition, socialist solidarity, and the self-determination of local populations.
September 12, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev and President of India S. Radhakrishnan Khrushchev and Indian President Radhakrishnan discuss regional tensions, including cooperation with Nepal, the situation in Kashmir, and the spread of socialism in Southeast Asia. Radhakrishnan expresses concern over Chinese aggression and reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful solutions. Khrushchev downplays China's influence, criticizing Mao Zedong’s leadership and emphasizing the unreliability of Chinese policy. Both leaders affirm the importance of continued Soviet-Indian cooperation amid regional challenges.
June 15, 1961	Record of a Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and President Sukarno Sukarno tells Khrushchev about his trip to China and the possibilities of Chinese annexation of Taiwan. Khrushchev says the USSR fully supports the PRC's actions. The parties also discuss the reorganization of the United Nations.
July 5, 1961	Record of a Conversation between N. S. Khrushchev and Chen Yi, Deputy Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Chen asks Khrushchev to go over the pressing international issues and he presents the USSR's stances on the situation in Laos, South Korea, and Cuba. Khrushchev also raises problems in GDR and difficulties in negotiations with Western powers with regards to the German question. Khrushchev also mentions Soviet plans to launch a spaceship and resume nuclear testing. The two leaders also discuss the challenges of agricultural development.
September 7, 1963	Comments of N.S. Khrushchev (Concerning a Statement of China) Khrushchev criticizes the Soviet response to recent Chinese statements, arguing that it has devolved into unproductive personal attacks rather than principled debate. He accuses the Chinese leadership of distorting his words, spreading false claims of disrespect toward the Chinese people and other nations, and provoking unnecessary conflict. Emphasizing the need for a clear, consistent, and dignified defense of Soviet positions, Khrushchev warns that the dispute with China will be prolonged and urges a coordinated political strategy.
February 22, 1963	Comment of N. S. Khrushchev [on China's Publication of Khrushchev's Speech at the 6th SED Congress] On 25 February 1963, Khrushchev commented on China's publication of his speech at the 6th SED Congress, noting that Chinese leaders, including Mao Zedong, indicated a willingness to stop public criticism of the Soviet Union and discuss issues directly. Khrushchev observed that this shift reflected the success of the USSR’s restrained approach, emphasizing that it would be clear to other Communist parties that the Soviet Union was not responsible for the dispute.
December 20, 1963	Transcript of Conversation between Zhou Enlai and Reporters in Cairo Premier Zhou and Chen Yi answer questions from reporters in Cairo. Zhou and Chen were asked about issues such as their visit to Arab and African countries, China's support for national liberation movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the United Arab Republic (Egypt) and Sri Lanka's perspective of the Sino-Indian border conflict, the purpose of the Chinese delegation's visit to Arab and African countries, issues that will be discussed in potential second Bandung Conference, the Sino-Soviet split, and the Pakistani national movement. Zhou also explains why China opposed the ban on nuclear test treaty.

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China. Foreign Ministry 40

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Soviet Union 403

United States 69

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 413

Sino-Soviet Relations 404

Interkit, 1966-1987 75

China-Europe Relations 71

China-Eastern Europe Relations 63