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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Satellite image of Western Europe

Western Europe

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Western Europe

France

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

Germany

Euratom

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

Boris Yeltsin at the United Nations, October 1995

Yeltsin, Boris

1931 - 2007

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

-

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1966	Note on Certain Characteristics of Western Trade Developments for 1966 (undated) Report on the main aspects of international trade for the year 1966. The report covers issues such as developing countries’ growth in exports, the trade balances of various Western countries, East-West trade, and trends for 1967.
June 19, 1953	Minutes of Discussion at the 150th Meeting of the National Security Council, 18 June 1953 The US National Security Council discusses recent release of prisoners of war in South Korea. The riots and disturbances in East Germany and Czechoslovakia are discussed in the context of the general “softening” of Soviet policy. The Council also discusses the possibility of a four-power meeting, and other alternative courses of action.
March 11, 1953	Memorandum of Discussion at the 136th Meeting of the National Security Council The US National Security Council discusses the effect that Stalin’s death had on Soviet policy and on Communist Parties outside of the USSR, as well as the opportunity it provided the US to use Stalin’s death in a psychological strategy to influence the Soviets. The Council also discusses the possibility of negotiations for a settlement with the Soviets in Korea.
March 26, 1955	Statement by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the Transfer of the 72nd Engineer Brigade to East Germany Transfer of Soviet troops and missiles to various Eastern European countries.
November 1, 1956	Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 1 November 1956 At this session of the Presidium, Mikoyan argues that in the face of a universal demand for troop withdrawal the best option is to support the Hungarian government. Mikoyan promotes negotiations over force. The other members support the application of force to put down the uprising. Supporters of force refer to the necessity of keeping Hungary within the Soviet sphere and preventing the uprising from spreading to other Eastern European nations.
June 25, 1953	Summary of Discussion at the 151st Meeting of the National Security Council American response to East German protests, plans of action toward the Soviet Union, question of defectors from socialist countries, implementation of passive and active resistance in socialist countries.
October 20, 1983	Protocol of the extraordinary meeting of the Committee of Ministers for Defense from the Warsaw Treaty member states The Warsaw Treaty Member States' Committee of Ministers for Defense discussed the situation resulting from the deployment of new American medium-range nuclear missiles in some Western European countries. Some general military planning was proposed in response.
November 16, 1983	Antonio Badini, Outline of General Considerations A memo to Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi from his Diplomatic Counselor Antonio Badini. Badini warns against the latest Soviet proposals. He suggests that agreeing to them without making any concessions regarding the deployment of American missiles would be tantamount to the realization of a long term goal of the Soviet Union, i.e. the decoupling between the Western European and the American defense system. […] He writes that the Soviet proposals “can be taken as a possible basis for an agreement is surprising. We can only hope that this fact does not imply that, from a political and psychological standpoint, the process of Finlandization of Europe is far more advanced than we believed thus far.”
November 12, 1983	Memorandum on INF and START negotiations This memo to Prime Minister Bettino Craxi argues against the merging of the INF and START negotiations proposed by the Finnish government and backed by Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau. The memo suggests that the proposal could jeopardize the Geneva talks and harm European interests.
January 15, 1988	Information Note on a Visit by Soviet Olympic Committee President Gramow to Munich Report submitted to IOC President Samaranch describing a visit to by Soviet Olympic Committee President Gramow to Munich. Gramow remarked that North Korea's decision on participating the upcoming 1988 Summer Olympics would have no influence on the attitude of the Soviet Union. Gramow also commented that sporting relations between the USSR and Germany were developing positively.

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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 31

United States. Central Intelligence Agency 20

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 19

Hartmann, Peter 16

Yeltsin, Boris 14

Soviet Union 153

United States 119

Western Europe 71

Helmut Kohl Transcripts 32

ACRS Oral History Project 20

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 19

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 19