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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Journalist informer

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Moldova. Communist Party. Central Committee (MCP CC)

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Interkit, 1966-1987

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

East German Uprising

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

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China. Communist Party. Central Committee (CCP CC)

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Documents

November 3, 1956	Comprehensive Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts An authoritative, cautionary US government guidance, approved by Allen Dulles and Deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy, conveyed to the Free Europe Committee that afternoon.
November 2, 1956	Policy Considerations for Radio Liberty Broadcasts CIA redistributes a State Department message of November 1 endorsing RL’s [temporary] ban on commentary on Hungarian events.
November 2, 1956	Phone Conversation on Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts Radio Free Europe (RFE) Director Conerey Egan in New York telephones RFE Deputy Director Richard Condon in Munich to direct that RFE should report Hungarian developments and insurgent demands but not take a position for or against individual leaders or political parties.
October 30, 1956	Other Hungarian-Language Radios Radio Free Russia, the voice of the Russian émigré organization NTS, begins Hungarian-language broadcasts and reports the readiness of the “Association of Former Hungarian Servicemen” to assist the Hungarian insurgents. [Radio Madrid in Hungarian broadcasts similar messages.]
July 12, 1955	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Draft Proposal to Strengthen and Develop Friendly Relations with Asian-African Countries after the Asian-African Conference' The PRC Foreign Ministry proposes to develop relations with, strengthen propaganda work toward, and expand the study of countries in Asia and Afica.
October 25, 1956	Policy Considerations for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts A CIA/International Operations Division official recommends policies to guide RFE broadcasting to Hungary during the revolution.
August 7, 1956	Agreed Policy Governing Radio Free Europe Operations CIA and Free Europe Committee (FEC) restate policy for Radio Free Europe in the context of the 1956 upheaval in the Communist world.
July 13, 1956	National Security Council Discussion of Policy Toward Eastern Europe Senior officials discuss US policy at a National Security Council (NSC) principals' meeting on July 12. Notwithstanding less cautionary views expressed by Vice President Nixon at the NSC discussion, on July 18 President Eisenhower approved a minor modification of the draft (NSC 5608 and the annex) as NSC 5608/1 to serve as a basic statement of U.S. policy (published as redacted document 80, FRUS, 1955-57, XXV ; unredacted document 17, Békés, Byrne, and Rainer, The 1956 Hungarian Revolution).
July 3, 1956	National Security Council, NSC 5608, Draft of “US Policy toward the Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe” Staff draft of NSC 5608, concluding that ferment in the Communist world provides new opportunities to challenge Soviet control. A draft annex called for “encouraging evolutionary change” and defined as tasks of RFE and RL (and other USG-funded media) “avoiding any incitement to premature revolt” while “seeking to maintain faith in the eventual restoration of freedom.” Redacted document 76, FRUS, 1955-1957, XXV, unredacted document 12, Csaba Békés, Malcolm Byrne, and János M. Rainer, The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2002.)
April 25, 1955	Cable from Zhou Enlai, 'Reply to Inquiry Regarding the Achievements of the Asian-African Conference and Main Points for Propaganda' Zhou Enlai told Zhang Wentian that the Asian-African Conference was successful in affirming the common wishes of anti-colonialism, maintenance of peace and friendly cooperation. Zhou advised Zhang to wait until the effect of the Conference have become clearer and monitor the reaction in other countries.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 22

Journalist informer 18

Moldova. Communist Party. Central Committee (MCP CC) 17

Kim, Il Sung 14

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 11

Soviet Union 209

United States 140

Eastern Europe 36

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty 124

Emir Farid Chehab Collection 45

Sino-Soviet Relations 40

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 34

Interkit, 1966-1987 16