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Eastern Europe

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sino-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Nagy, Imre

1896 - 1958

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China. Embassy (Hungary)

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Etre, Sandor

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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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December 17, 1956	Diary of Soviet Official K. A. Krutikov, Record of Conversation with Hungarian Envoy Ezhef Sall Conversation about the mood among the foreign Hungarian colony in PRC. The most of the conversation concerns the reasons for the 1956 uprising in Hungary. A lack of knowledge among the Hungarian leadership (with a predominant Soviet background) about the actual situation in Hungary, and the failure of the Soviet Embassy in Budapest to establish contacts with non-Russian speaking Hungarians, are here presented as main reasons for the Hungarian uprising.
August 24, 1971	Telegram, Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry A telegram from the Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union discussing how to handle relations with both the North and South Korean governments without offending the North Koreans.
November 3, 1970	Telegram Number 4549/52, 'Sino-Hungarian Relations and the Indochina Problem' Etienne Manac’h, reporting on a thaw in relations between China and Hungary, suggests that the PRC seeks "a greater zone of autonomy vis-à-vis the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe."
July 25, 1989	Report of the President of Hungary Rezso Nyers and General Secretary Karoly Grosz on Talks with Gorbachev in Moscow (excerpts) President of People’s Republic of Hungary, Rezso Nyers, and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, Karoly Grosz, report on their talks with Gorbachev in Moscow, 24-25 July, 1989. The excerpts contains economic reformer Nyers’ assessment of the political situation in Hungary, and first among the factors that "can defeat the party," he lists "the past, if we let ourselves [be] smeared with it." The memory of the revolution of 1956 and its bloody repression by the Soviets was Banquo’s ghost, destroying the legitimacy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, just as 1968 in Prague and 1981’s martial law in Poland and all the other Communist "blank spots" of history came back in 1989 to crumble Communist ideology. For their part, the Communist reformers (including Gorbachev) did not quite know how to respond as events accelerated in 1989, except not to repeat 1956.
March 29, 1960	Journal of Soviet Ambassador in the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 29 March 1960 In the midst of discussions between Puzanov and Karoly Prat and Pak Jeong-ae on North Korea's foreign trade, it is revealed that Kim Il Sung is suffering from kidney disease.
June 1941	Report from the People’s Committee of Internal Affairs to the Central Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party, about Agent 'Volodya' (Imre Nagy) Sverdlov provides a brief overview of agent "Volodya" (Imre Nagy) and his work.
March 10, 1938	Report on Imre Nagy’s Arrest by the NKVD (Commissariat of Internal Affairs) Matusov and Altman report on Nagy's arrest on 4/5 March 1938 and subsequent release on 8 March, and describe some of his work.
September 4, 1930	Imre Nagy’s OGPU (Unified State Political Directorate) Enlistment Certificate signed by Imre Nagy upon enlistment in the OGPU secret police (later the NKVD).
July 18, 1957	Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 18 July 1957 Puzanov discusses with the Ambassador of the Hungarian People's Republic to North Korea, Prath Karoly, regarding foreign trade payments between Hungary and the DPRK, positions against US violation of the Armistice, the lifting of a prohibition of commodities from China to Japan, and a screening of Kruschev's interview.
April 17, 1957	Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 17 April 1957 Kim Il Sung and the Soviet Union trade delegation discuss the DPRK's economic conditions and terms for trade between the Soviet Union and North Korea. Afterwards, Nam Il gives Puzanov an overview of discrepancies in the North Korean and Polish delegations' draft communiques.