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Cohen, Avner

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Sneider, Richard L.

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Documents

February 15, 1990	J. W. L. de Villiers, Atomic Energy Corporation of South Africa, 'Phasing Out of the RSA's Nuclear Weapons Capability' Proposal to dismantle South Africa's nuclear weapons devices and components with the intention of disguising their production. South Africa would only admit to producing highly enriched uranium, not manufacturing nuclear weapons.
June 1981	Secretary's Talking Points: US-China Relations This is a document containing talking points for Secretary of State Alexander Haig's meeting with Deng Xiaoping. Topics addressed in the document include: Chinese exportation of uranium and heavy water to South Africa and Argentina; the intention to suspend the prohibition of arm sales to China; greater nuclear and security cooperation; the increase in Chinese arm sales to countries dependent on the Soviet Union; and the desire to open a new consulate in Shenyang.
February 1943	Report of Secretariat of Council of People’s Commissars of USSR to V.M. Molotov, 'About the Implementing of Decree No. 2352 cc of State Committee of Defence' This report, sent from the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR to V.M. Molotov, informs Molotov that the project for Uranium enrichment was prepared by F. Lange and his colleagues by December, 1942. The installation of this project was planned to be produced outside of Ukraine, in a facility in Kasan.
September 28, 1942	Decree No. 2352 cc of Ukrainian State Committee of Defence This famous, de-classified document officially started the Soviet atomic project aimed at producing the nuclear bomb. The second point of this document orders the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences to establish a plan for the project of Uranium enrichment. F. Lange, a scientist from the Ukraine Institute of Physics and Technology, was appointed as head of this project because he worked previously on theoretical aspects of Uranium enrichment.
February 1941	Conclusion of National Institute of Chemical Studies of Soviet National Committee of Defence on Invention of UIPhT Fellows Which Was Sent to Agency of Military Chemical Defense In this document, leading Soviet scientists criticize the idea of Kharkov physicists to use Uranium in military goals, because they do not believe it is possible to realize nuclear fission in the current practical conditions faced. The Soviet National Committee of Defence received these skeptical assessments in 1941 and decided not to develop the military nuclear program.
October 1940	Technical Proposal of F. Lange, V. Maslov, and V. Shpinel, 'Fission of Uranium Isotopes by Using Method of Coriolis Acceleration' Kharkov Institute scientists proposed in this document the concrete steps to build a nuclear weapon. The document demonstrates that Ukrainian physicists understood how to receive weapons grade uranium and elaborated concrete technical proposals to achieve this goal through uranium enrichment in centrifuge.
October 17, 1940	Claim for an Invention from V. Maslov and V. Shpinel, 'About Using of Uranium as an Explosive and Toxic Agent' In this letter two nuclear scientists from UIPhT described the construction of the nuclear bomb and proposed to start activities in producing of the nuclear arsenal and make these activities secret. Two Ukrainian physicists were first Soviet scientists who revealed the method of producing a nuclear weapon (of course they did not know about the similar inventions of western scientists which were made at the same time under great secrecy).
September 20, 1965	National Science Committee, Briefings on Receiving Foreign Guests, No. 2 Report on the second meeting with the Atomic Energy Group of the Indonesian Economic Delegation. The head of the delegation asks to visit factors and labs that select uranium ore and process raw materials into fuel. In negotiations, the Indonesian side proposes longterm cooperation between Indonesia and China on atomic energy, and protective measures against nuclear radiation.
January 10, 1978	National Intelligence Daily Cable, NIDC 78/007C, 'Argentina: No Treaty Ratification' This CIA bulletin notes the failure of U.S.-Argentine nuclear negotiations after Cyrus Vance’s visit to Argentina in December 1977. The U.S. proposed to supply highly enriched uranium for Argentina’s reactor exported to Peru, as well as to approve of a heavy water plant from Canada and asked in exchange for the Argentine ratification of the Tlatelolco Treaty as well as the deferral of their spent-fuel reprocessing plans.
February 22, 1973	Rajya Sabha Q&A on the Type of Fuel for the Indian Nuclear Power Program. Transcript of questions and answers between members of the Rajya Sabha and the Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, on whether to use thorium or uranium as a fuel source for nuclear power. Gandhi reports that thorium would be preferable.