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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Emblem of the People's Republic of China

China. State Council

1954 -

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Poland. Embassy (China)

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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Documents

August 4, 1970	Reports Regarding Bulgarian leader Todor Zhivkov’s visit to Cuba, July-August 1970, at Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo Session (including excerpts from Zhivkov-Fidel Castro memorandum of conversation) The Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo report includes three main documents: a protocol and resolution with notes, a top secret information note, and a top secret protocol from 30 July 1970. The first section includes the Politburo's approval of the delegation's negotiations with Cuba, proposals to restructure economic partnership, and the Bulgarian delegation's statements on miscommunication between Cuba and Bulgaria. The second section, top secret information note, summarizes important exchanges during the Bulgarian visit to Cuba (e.g. Zhivkov's discussion on the importance of economic cooperation (COMECON) to the development of socialism). The third section, the top secret protocol, includes portions of a conversation between Bulgarian delegation and Cuban Politburo members. Castro summarizes ideas exchanged during the state visit.
April 5, 1976	Communist Party of Moldovia Central Committee, No. 125 s, to CPSU Central Committee, 'On the Creation of a Sector on the History of the International Communist Movement within the Institute of Party History at the Moldavian Communist Party' As part of the campaign to combat nationalist Romanian propaganda, the Moldavian leader informs the CPSU CC about the creation of a new section in the Moldavian Institute of Party History. This new section would include "a group of specialists... familiarized with the works of Romanian authors, [and] knowing the languages of the countries whose parties made up the Balkan Communist Federation."
December 4, 1989	Minutes of Conversation between Gorbachev and Romanian Leader Ceausescu Minutes of Conversation between Soviet leader Michael Gorbachev and Romanian leader Nicolae Ceausescu on the status of the East European regimes and Soviet-Romanian bilateral relations. The two leaders discuss the history of Communism, the events taking place in other East European countries, the future of Romania and the Soviet Union and the nature and state of bilateral relations between the two countries.
November 9, 1989	Conversation between Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Solidarity Leader Lech Walesa In this extraordinary conversation, Solidarity’s leader fears the collapse of the Wall would distract West Germany’s attention - and money - to the GDR, at the time when Poland, the trail-blazer to the post-communist era in Eastern Europe, desperately needed both. "Events are moving too fast," Walesa said, and only hours later, the Wall fell, and Kohl had to cut his Poland visit short to scramble back to Berlin, thus proving Walesa’s fear correct.
October 23, 1989	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telephone Call from Chancellor Helmut Kohl of the Federal Republic of Germany, October 23, 1989, 9:02-9:26 a.m. EDT Telephone conversation between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on the situation in Eastern Europe.
March 24, 1989	Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Karoly Grosz, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, March 23-24, 1989 These conversations reveal Gorbachev’s contradictions, as the Soviet leader proclaims again that the Brezhnev doctrine is dead and military interventions should be "precluded in the future, yet at the same time, tries to set "boundaries" for the changes in Eastern Europe as "the safekeeping of socialism and assurance of stability."
December 7, 1988	Address by Mikhail Gorbachev at the UN General Assembly Session (Excerpts) Excerpts from an address by Gorbachev at the 43rd United Nations General Assembly Session. Gorbachev announced major cuts to the Soviet military presence in Eastern Europe and along the Chinese border.
March 10, 1970	Memorandum for President Nixon from Kissinger, "The Current Status of Brandt's Ostpolitik" A memorandum for President Nixon from National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger on the current status of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's "Ostpolitik" or Eastern Policy, which sought to normalize relations between West Germany and the communist countries.
February 16, 1970	Memorandum for President Nixon from Kissinger, "Brandt's Eastern Policy" A memorandum for President Nixon from National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger summarizing West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's "Ostpolitik" or Eastern Policy, which sought to normalize relations between West Germany and the communist countries.
January 20, 1961	John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address Kennedy's inaugural address, in which he discusses US foreign policy and relations with the rest of the world, especially the Eastern Bloc.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 31

China. State Council 26

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 21

Poland. Embassy (China) 18

Soviet Union 307

Eastern Europe 297

United States 164

China-Europe Relations 232

China-Eastern Europe Relations 226

Sino-Soviet Relations 87

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 77

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty 71