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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

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Eastern Europe

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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

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Chernyaev, A. S.

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Walesa, Lech

1943 -

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Caranfil, Gheorghe

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Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918 - 1989

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Civic Forum (Czechoslovakia)

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Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

German Reunification

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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February 12, 1989	Letter from Andrzej Slowik to Roundtable Chair Wladyslaw Findeisen Letter from Andrzej Slowik to “Roundtable” Chair Wladyslaw Findeisen asking for diversification and expansion of the Roundtable group even if it leads to difficulties in negotiations, since it would permit wider societal acceptance of decisions
February 24, 1989	The Political Processes in the European Socialist Countries and the Proposals for Our Practical Steps Considering the Situation Which Has Arisen in Them “The Political Processes in the European Socialist Countries and the Proposals for Our Practical Steps Considering the Situation Which Has Arisen in Them” – an evaluation by the Soviet Union of changes in the Eastern European countries and measures that need to be taken in order to maintain ties with these countries
February 25, 1989	Papers of the Working Group of the National Commission of NSZZ 'Solidarity' Papers of the Working Group of the National Commission of NSZZ “Solidarity,” regarding the format for the continuation of the Solidarity movement – whether it be relegalized or legalized, as well as discussion on the position of workers’ self-government
March 29, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and HSWP General Secretary Károly Grósz,14, Moscow Memorandum of Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and HSWP General Secretary Károly Grósz, discussing how to define the events of 1956 and the extent of political transition in Hungary
March 3, 1989	Record of Conversation between President M. S. Gorbachev and Miklós Németh 12 , Member of the HSWP CC Politburo, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People’s Republic of Hungary Record of Conversation between President M. S. Gorbachev and Miklós Németh 12 , Member of the HSWP CC Politburo, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People’s Republic of Hungary regarding the establishment of a multiparty system in Hungary
September 1, 1988	Report on a Working Conference [of Opposition Leaders] Report on a Working Conference [of Opposition Leaders] regarding emphasis that should be placed on the legal registration of Solidarity and the status of social participants in the Roundtable discussions
October 20, 1989	Information Note of the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Note from the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the election of Egon Krenz as Secretary General of the SED and his efforts to create open dialogue, reform the system and initiate changes in the GDR system
October 24, 1989	Letter from Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov to the Bulgarian Communist Party Central Committee Letter from Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov to the BCP CC criticizing Todor Zhivkov for bringing Bulgaria into economic crisis and doing everything to keep his family in power
October 31, 1989	Information Note from Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Note from Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding peaceful street protests in the GDR, the opnening of dialogue between government and citizens, and the serious effort to enact reforms, including a cessation of criticizing West Germany in the media
November 1, 1989	Soviet Record of Conversation between M. S. Gorbachev and the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), Egon Krenz Soviet record of conversation between M. S. Gorbachev and the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), Egon Krenz concerning the possible reunification of Germany and issues faced by both the Soviet Union and the GDR