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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

China and South Asia

Sino-Indian Border War, 1962

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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South Asia

Pakistan

Potala Palace

South Asia

Tibet

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Jawaharlal Nehru, 1949

Nehru, Jawaharlal

1889 - 1964

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

China-Southeast Asia Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Zhang, Hanfu

1906 - 1972

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China. Embassy (India)

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August 28, 1958	From the Journal of A.A. Brezhnev, 'Record of a Conversation with Zhang Liguang, Chief of the PRC MFA Socialist Countries Protocol Department, 15 August 1958' On August 15, 1958, Soviet diplomat A.A. Brezhnev spoke with Zhang Liguang, head of the PRC Foreign Ministry's Socialist Countries Protocol Department, during a reception in Beijing to discuss international reactions to the recent meeting between Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Chinese leader Mao Zedong. Zhang reported heightened interest from foreign diplomats, particularly from India.
September 1982	For a Conversation with Prime Minister of India I. Gandhi (Privately) Material sent to L. I. Brezhnev in preparation for a private conversation with I. Gandhi. Potential topics for conversation include the Soviet Union's commitment to strengthening India's defense capability, India's role in the non-aligned movement, and recent steps in the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations.
March 28, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 10 (Overall Issue No. 204) Highlights a joint statement and an economic aid agreement between China and Nepal, along with discussions on the Chinese and Indian premiers' forthcoming meeting. It also addresses the Indonesian government's efforts to resolve the status of overseas Chinese and the challenges encountered by repatriated Chinese nationals. Updates on U.S.-China diplomatic engagements include China's firm stance on judicial sovereignty over espionage-related cases involving American individuals, and adjustments in China's oil industry management policies. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
March 4, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 7 (Overall Issue No. 201) Details a statement by Premier Zhou Enlai regarding the Indian government's agreement to hold a meeting between the prime ministers of both countries, preparations for spring fishing activities, adjustments to rural commerce management, and further plans to develop agriculture and aquaculture. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 18, 2000	Cable, Secretary of State to the US Embassy New Delhi, 'Deputy Secretary and India's Foreign Secretary on POTUS Trip and Security Issues' Strobe Talbott and Lalit Mansingh discuss a possible POTUS trip to Pakistan and India.
February 8, 1999	Cable, US Embassy New Delhi to the Secretary of State, 'Deputy Secretary Talbott's February 1 Meeting with Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee' Talbott and Vajpayee discuss Indo-US relations, India's military and nuclear policy, and New Delhi's concerns about Pakistan and China.
November 24, 1962	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Ambassador of India T. Kaul Khrushchev and Indian Ambassador T. N. Kaul met again to discuss the ongoing Sino-Indian conflict. Kaul reiterated India’s request for Soviet military support, emphasizing the threat posed by China despite the recent Chinese ceasefire proposal. Khrushchev reaffirmed the Soviet Union’s commitment to a peaceful resolution and warned against escalating militarization but confirmed that the USSR would proceed with the planned construction of an aircraft plant in India and the delivery of MiG-21 aircraft. The conversation also addressed Soviet-Chinese relations, with Khrushchev denying any military aid to China and expressing regret over the conflict between two countries friendly to the USSR. Both sides agreed on the importance of negotiations while acknowledging ongoing challenges to achieving a lasting settlement.
November 9, 1962	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Ambassador of India T. Kaul Indian Ambassador T. N. Kaul met with Khrushchev to discuss the conflict between India and China, which India views as Chinese aggression. Kaul conveyed India’s desire to end the conflict while expressing concern over China's military advantage. He requested Soviet weapons support to strengthen India’s defense and demonstrate balanced international backing. Khrushchev declined, stating that the USSR seeks only a peaceful resolution and does not wish to escalate the conflict by supplying arms. He emphasized that negotiations are the only solution and reaffirmed the Soviet Union's neutral stance. Kaul also requested continued Soviet support for non-military assistance, such as transport aircraft and pilot training, which Khrushchev agreed to consider.
June 27, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Pham Van Dong thanks Khrushchev for the Soviet help to Vietnamese people. Khrushchev talks about politics around the world, particularly, in the socialist countries such as Albania and China. He claims that the relationship with China is improving. Khrushchev also mentions that he discussed Indian politics with Mao. He criticizes the politics of Stalin toward China.
April 15, 1951	Monthly Report of the Indian Mission, Lhasa, for the Period Ending 15th April, 1951 The Indian Mission in Lhasa reports on the Chinese military encroachment into Tibet, Sino-Tibetan relations and Indo-Tibetan relations, and domestic political and economic developments within Tibet.