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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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November 27, 1958	N. Kurmyshev, Secretary of the Consulate General of the USSR In Urumqi, ‘Report on Strengthening the United People's Democratic Front and Advancing Socialist Transformation in Xinjiang’ On November 27, 1958, the Soviet Consulate General in Urumqi reported on efforts to strengthen the United People's Democratic Front in Xinjiang, China, aimed at uniting diverse ethnic, social, and religious groups under the leadership of the Communist Party. The report detailed the integration of women, traders, industrialists, and religious leaders into socialist reforms, as well as campaigns to combat rightist elements and local nationalism.
August 28, 1958	From the Journal of A.A. Brezhnev, 'Record of a Conversation with Zhang Liguang, Chief of the PRC MFA Socialist Countries Protocol Department, 15 August 1958' On August 15, 1958, Soviet diplomat A.A. Brezhnev spoke with Zhang Liguang, head of the PRC Foreign Ministry's Socialist Countries Protocol Department, during a reception in Beijing to discuss international reactions to the recent meeting between Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Chinese leader Mao Zedong. Zhang reported heightened interest from foreign diplomats, particularly from India.
May 23, 1958	From the Journal of S.F. Antonov, 'Record of a Conversation with Cde. Mao Zedong' On May 23, 1958, Mao Zedong met in Beijing with Soviet official N.I. Bobrovnikov to discuss China's political and economic developments. Mao emphasized the successes of socialism in the PRC, the ongoing struggle against rightists, and the importance of fighting revisionism, particularly criticizing Yugoslavia's policies. He praised Soviet support, expressed optimism about China's agricultural and industrial progress, and dismissed concerns over a lack of US. recognition.
November 23, 1979	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with Z Former US Secretary of State Kissinger, 23 November 1979’ In this November 1979 conversation, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin confronted former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger over his increasingly anti-Soviet rhetoric and alignment with Republican hardliners, which Dobrynin criticized as opportunistic and damaging to détente. Kissinger defended his shift as a tactical response to domestic political pressures and his ambitions to return to government, while still insisting he valued stable Soviet-American relations. The discussion also touched on US fears of instability in Saudi Arabia, the strategic implications of Soviet and Cuban involvement in Africa, and Kissinger's belief in the need for a tacit division of global influence between the superpowers.
September 1982	For a Conversation with Prime Minister of India I. Gandhi (Privately) Material sent to L. I. Brezhnev in preparation for a private conversation with I. Gandhi. Potential topics for conversation include the Soviet Union's commitment to strengthening India's defense capability, India's role in the non-aligned movement, and recent steps in the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations.
September 3, 1968	The Position of the Communist Party of Cuba Towards the Conference of the Communist Parties and the Problems of the International Revolutionary Movement This report describes how the Cuban Communist Party's position diverges from the broader international communist movement and how it desires to maintain neutrality in Sino-Soviet disputes.
June 4, 1969	Cipher No. 6247 from Havana This document discusses Cuba's decision to send observers to a Soviet-led conference, highlighting their shift from a previously neutral position due to pressure from Brezhnev and the Soviet Politburo. The decision, driven by the desire to maintain Soviet support during a difficult period, was met with caution due to fears of Chinese economic retaliation, signaling potential tensions in Sino-Cuban relations. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
March 16, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 9 (Overall Issue No. 203) Reports the signing of a Sino-Soviet forestry fire prevention agreement, guidelines on manufacturing agricultural irrigation equipment, and initiatives for spring reforestation inspections and medicinal herb collection. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
January 25, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 3 (Overall Issue No. 197) Reports on the economic achievements of 1959, support for Soviet proposals on disarmament, a visit to China by an East German delegation, and the establishment of a new agency for foreign economic cooperation, reflecting China's focus on economic and international collaboration. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
December 30, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 37 (Overall Issue No. 164) This issue contains the joint declaration between China and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, support for the Soviet Union's proposal to withdraw foreign troops from Berlin, updates on administrative reorganization in multiple provinces, establishment of a Maritime Arbitration Commission under the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and measures to combat schistosomiasis in livestock. Additionally, it discusses the management of annual reports for 1958, organization of rural People's Communes, and diplomatic appointments, including the assignment of ambassadors to Sweden.

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Mao, Zedong 219

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Sino-Soviet Relations 743

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 362

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959 201

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