Xanthe Hall recounts her journey in nuclear disarmament, beginning in the 1980s with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in the UK, driven by a strong opposition to nuclear weapons and an emphasis on nonviolent action. She emphasizes the importance of shifting global narratives, including the focus on the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons, which played a pivotal role in the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Hall discusses the challenges posed by current geopolitical dynamics, such as the war in Ukraine, and the difficulties in maintaining momentum for disarmament in a world still shaped by nuclear deterrence beliefs. Despite these obstacles, she remains committed to fostering collaboration across civil society and advancing a normative process for disarmament, believing that a nuclear-free world remains essential and achievable.

This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.

Ray Acheson reflects on their career in nuclear disarmament, emphasizing the destabilizing role of nuclear weapons and their harmful physical, political, and environmental impacts. They critique the failure of governments, academics, and think tanks to fully embrace nuclear abolition, highlighting instead a focus on incremental reforms that sustain the nuclear establishment. Acheson outlines the unique contributions of Reaching Critical Will, including feminist advocacy, transparency in UN disarmament processes, and impactful treaty work, such as with the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). They express cautious optimism about a nuclear-free future, advocating for dismantling militarized security systems while recognizing ongoing challenges like the war in Ukraine. The transcript was lightly edited to ease understanding without any changes in the meaning. Clarifications inserted post-interview have been marked with squared brackets [].

This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.

In this interview, Patricia Lewis shares insights from her extensive career in nuclear policy and disarmament, highlighting her transition from nuclear physics to think tank and research work. She explains the risks nuclear weapons pose, not only as physical entities but also as symbols of power that disrupt global politics. Lewis advocates for a focus on risk reduction over immediate disarmament, emphasizing that reducing the chance of nuclear weapon use is the most urgent priority. She discusses the need for broader public awareness and cooperation among governments, think tanks, and civil society to address nuclear issues through a humanitarian lens.

This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.

Kohl and Yeltsin debate Russia's economic reforms and the situation in the Commonwealth of Independent States as well as Western financial aid and preparations for the 1992 World Economic Summit in Munich and especially Russia's participation. Moreover, they review the prospects of Honecker's release from the Chilean embassy in Moscow.

Bohl and Kozyrev talk through the potential proliferation of nuclear and chemical weapons after the demise of the Soviet Union. Moreover, they consult on the reduction of tactical and strategic nuclear weapons.

Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.