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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

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East Asia

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

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Dag Hammarskjöld and Zhou Enlai

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

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Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

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Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

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Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Soviet lawyer, diplomat, academician A. Ya. Vyshinsky

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

1883 - 1954

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

United States. Embassy (Taiwan)

1949 - 1979

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Zhang, Hanfu

1906 - 1972

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October 1, 1962	Transcript of the Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and a Gandhi Peace Foundation (India) Delegation On October 1, 1962, N.S. Khrushchev met with a delegation from India’s Gandhi Peace Foundation to discuss nuclear disarmament and ongoing arms negotiations. The delegation presented concerns about nuclear testing and urged the Soviet Union to take unilateral steps toward disarmament. Khrushchev responded that while the USSR was willing to sign an agreement to halt nuclear testing, the United States' refusal to accept verification measures and continued military expansion made such an agreement difficult. The conversation also covered US foreign policy, Soviet-Indian relations, and global security issues.
September 16, 1950	Telegram No. 388 from Taipei to the Secretary of State The document highlights that no responsible Chinese officials or significant public opinion factions desire the cancellation of the US Seventh Fleet mission, despite its lack of direct military strengthening for Formosa. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 7, 1950	Telegram No. 237 from the Secretary of State to the American Embassy Taipei The document outlines the US rationale for accepting a UN investigation into allegations of US aggression, emphasizing that blocking such an investigation would provoke controversy and reduce international political support. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 7, 1950	Telegram No. 352 from Taipei to the Secretary of State The document discusses the Chinese Nationalist government's concerns regarding a potential United Nations investigation into allegations of US aggression in Formosa. Foreign Minister George Yeh emphasized the destabilizing impact such an investigation could have on public and military morale while proposing that the UN simultaneously investigate Chinese Nationalist accusations of Soviet aggression against China This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 26, 1950	Telegram No. 192 from the Secretary of State to the American Embassy Taipei The document discusses the US Department of State's position regarding Zhou Enlai's accusations of American "aggression" in Taiwan. It advises caution against aligning too closely with the Chinese government's responses, as this could imply US approval of their statements, potentially complicating US policy in the Far East. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 26, 1950	Telegram No. 305 from Taipei to the Secretary of State This document reports that Taiwan’s Foreign Minister Yeh planned to issue a statement rejecting Zhou Enlai's claims of US "aggression" in Taiwan. Yeh’s statement would emphasize Communist aggression as the real issue and deny Zhou's legitimacy to represent China at the United Nations. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 7, 1950	Memorandum of Conversation: American Position with respect to Formosa This document summarizes a conversation between US and Dutch officials regarding American policy toward Formosa (Taiwan).
November 13, 1952	Despatch No. 234 from American Embassy Taipei to the Department of State, 'Report on Foreign Relations at the Seventh National Congress of the Kuomintang' The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Chinese Nationalist Government's foreign policy, emphasizing its alignment with anti-communist efforts globally. It discusses Sino-American cooperation, including military and economic aid, the establishment of diplomatic ties in Southeast Asia, and the challenges of maintaining consular services in regions recognizing the Chinese Communist regime. The document underscores the importance of China's role in the United Nations and its relations with countries like Japan, aiming to strengthen global alliances against communism. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
October 2, 1957	Memorandum by Frank Aiken [on an Interview with Scott McCleod and the Taoiseach] Aiken made an immediate impression on his arrival in the Twelfth Session of the UN General Assembly in September 1957. He adopted an impartial posture of assessing each issue on its merits and campaigning to remodel international politics around self-determination, humanitarianism, and peace. His exhortation was that only the UN had the moral authority and political legitimacy to put forward global solutions. While he did not propose nuclear disarmament measures specifically, his intent was signaled by his recommendation for a mutual drawback of foreign forces (including their nuclear weapons) in central Europe and his endorsement of a proposal to discuss the representation of China in the United Nations. The Eisenhower administration was hostile to Aiken’s course as outlined in the U.S. ambassador’s audience with Taoiseach Eamon de Valera and Aiken in Dublin on 2 October. The record underlines the Irish concerns about accidental nuclear war due to the proximity of opposing U.S. and Soviet forces in central Europe.
June 20, 1961	National Intelligence Estimate Number 43-61, 'Prospects for the Government of the Republic of China' This National Intelligence Estimate about the future of the Republic of China assesses the status of the China debate at the United Nations, KMT efforts to retake the mainland, the political status of local Taiwanese in the ROC, and other political and diplomatic issues.