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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki speaks before the United Nations General Assembly on October 2, 1957.

Rapacki Plan

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

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Jelen, Bolesław

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Cuban Foreign Relations

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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North Korea's First Five-Year Plan, 1957-1961

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Poland. Embassy (China)

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Drozniak, Edward

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Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki speaks before the United Nations General Assembly on October 2, 1957.

Rapacki, Adam

1909 - 1970

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Poland. Embassy (Korea : North)

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Henryk, Brzezinski

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Documents

September 3, 1968	The Position of the Communist Party of Cuba Towards the Conference of the Communist Parties and the Problems of the International Revolutionary Movement This report describes how the Cuban Communist Party's position diverges from the broader international communist movement and how it desires to maintain neutrality in Sino-Soviet disputes.
February 12, 1969	Note from the Conversation between the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Jędrychowski, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Cuba, Flores Ibarra The discussion between Comrade Jędrychowski, Poland’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Cuban Ambassador Flores Ibarra focused on Polish-Cuban trade and political relations. The conversation highlighted challenges in bilateral trade, including sugar overproduction and quality concerns for Cuban citrus fruits, while emphasizing Cuba's plans to diversify exports and expand coffee and sugar production. Politically, relations were characterized as stable, with mutual understanding, though the Cuban ambassador explained Cuba’s absence from recent Communist Party congresses due to internal decisions. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
June 4, 1969	Cipher No. 6247 from Havana This document discusses Cuba's decision to send observers to a Soviet-led conference, highlighting their shift from a previously neutral position due to pressure from Brezhnev and the Soviet Politburo. The decision, driven by the desire to maintain Soviet support during a difficult period, was met with caution due to fears of Chinese economic retaliation, signaling potential tensions in Sino-Cuban relations. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 2, 1962	A. Krajewski, 'Assessment of Polish Position in Cuba during the Visit of Minister Rapacki, Based on the Conversations I had in Havana After his Departure' According to this Polish report, Soviet Ambassador Kudryavtsev’s dismissal was made at Fidel Castro’s explicit request.
August 14, 1962	Bolesław Jeleń, 'Memo to Department VI [Latin America]' According to the Polish embassy in Havana, Sovie Ambassador Sergei Kudryavtsev failed to develop a sufficiently close relationship with Castro. The report also comments on the visit of Adam Rapacki to Cuba.
December 13, 1962	Bolesław Jeleń, 'Information Note' According to the Polish ambassador, Moscow’s goal to install missile launchers in Cuba was not completely clear. The explanation given by the Soviet Deputy Premier Sergei Mikoyan that Moscow wanted to use the missiles to obtain a guarantee for Cuba had obvious holes, Jeleń argued. To him, the Soviet move seemed more like a political ploy than military strategy. Warsaw’s emissary in Havana concluded his critical observations by stating that the Soviet Union did not make a mistake in withdrawing the missiles as the Cubans suggested but rather by installing them in the first place.
August 11, 1962	Cable from Aleksander Krajewski [on a Meeting between Naszkowski and Valente] A summary of a meeting between Polish Minister Naszkowski and Brazilian Ambassador Valente.
August 16, 1962	Cable from Aleksander Krajewski [on the Arrest of a Brazilian Citizen] Krajewski reports that a Brazilian citizen was arrested at the Warsaw Airport for suspected smuggling.
October 31, 1962	Coded Message No. 16065 from Rio de Janeiro An update on the "enormous struggle" to execute a sale of Polish helicopters to Brazil.
November 7, 1962	Coded Message No. 16329 from Rio de Janeiro A confidant of President Goulart claims that Brazil wishes to buy 100 helicopters from Poland immediately.