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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Ryszard Kukliński Collection

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Sino-Soviet Relations

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Stein, John H.

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Jelen, Bolesław

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923 - 2014

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Walesa, Lech

1943 -

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March 23, 1955	Polish Interior Ministry Report on Intercepted Letters Sent to Radio Free Europe Cover Addresses This document is an early reflection of concern with RFE’s impact in Poland. Particular attention is given to the broadcasts of Jószef Światło, the senior Interior Ministry official who defected in December 1953.
March 31, 1953	Polish Proposal for Bloc-wide Coordination of Radio Jamming This unsourced document prepared in March 1953 in only three copies, one of which went to Politburo member Jakob Berman, suggested the need for multilateral Soviet bloc coordination of jamming efforts.
October 8, 1963	Minutes of Hungarian Politburo Meeting on Jamming of Western Radio Politburo discussion of a report prepared for the Hungarian Politburo in1963 which concluded that current jamming efforts were ineffective. It provided two options for the Politburo: to maintain and redirect jamming, focusing it on RFE, or to end it entirely. Noteworthy is the assessment that the West has outstripped the Soviet bloc in terms of transmitters, and the assumption that ending jamming might be used as a bargaining chip to soften Western broadcasts.
April 24, 1980	Report by the Chairman of the Delegation from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the People’s Republic of Poland, Comrade Boguslav Staruha during Soviet Bloc Meeting on Western Radio In the statements by the Polish Interior Minister at the Bloc Meeting held on 23 April 1980 to discuss foreign “hostile actions,” including Western radio broadcasting, special attention is given to attempts to form a political opposition in the socialist countries.
February 13, 1976	Soviet Bloc Intelligence Services Take Joint Countermeasures against Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty This GDR document is a German translation of the draft Action Program of Countermeasures against RFE and RL which was discussed at a multilateral meeting of Bloc intelligence services (minus Romania) in Prague in February 1976. The Prague meeting was suggested by the Czechoslovak interior ministry but dominated by the Soviet Union. Oleg Kalugin, then in charge of KGB counterintelligence, gave the opening speech (no copy of which could be located). Some of the measures listed in the Action Program, such as disinformation, were implemented. Others, such as a public tribunal to condemn the Radios, were never pursued.
May 4, 1988	Information Bulletin for Polish Party Leadership on Western Views of Poland This document is an example of analyses prepared for the top Party leadership on the content of Western broadcasts to Poland. It provides, without editorializing or pejorative clauses, an interpretation of the Western broadcasts.
May 23, 1983	Polish Intelligence Report on Radio Free Europe Links to CIA This May 1983 document draws on Polish intelligence service reporting to detect a hidden CIA hand behind RFE broadcasts (although the CIA connection had been severed twelve years earlier). It is representative of Polish intelligence reports on RFE in those years, which were usually far less accurate than Soviet and other East European intelligence reports.
October 1976	Institute for the Study of Contemporary Problems of Capitalism, 'Propaganda of Western Broadcasting Stations about the So-Called Workers' Defense Committee and the Supreme Court Sentence on the Seven Participants in the Ursus Events' This analysis by the Institute for the Study of Contemporary Problems of Capitalism indicates regime concern over RFE’s coverage of the first organized dissident movements in Poland.
January 1976	Institute for the Study of Contemporary Problems of Capitalism Report, 'Trends of Western Radio Propaganda Broadcast in Polish' This document is an example of the monthly analyses of Western broadcasting to Poland prepared by the Interior Ministry-affiliated Institute for the Study of Contemporary Problems of Capitalism (Instytut Badania Współczesnych Problemów Kapitalizmu). It is representative of the extensive cottage industry devoted to such analyses that developed in Poland in the 1970s.
January 26, 1967	Polish Foreign Intelligence Report on Radio Free Europe This intelligence report indicates detailed knowledge of certain RFE operations, including audience research among Polish travelers in Western Europe, and news gathering by its field bureaus. It is noteworthy that the first name on the distribution list for this report was Party chief Gomułka.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 39

Stein, John H. 31

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 29

Jelen, Bolesław 27

Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech) 25

Soviet Union 284

United States 158

Czechoslovakia 89

Ryszard Kukliński Collection 84

China-Eastern Europe Relations 66

China-Europe Relations 66

Sino-Soviet Relations 54

1980-81 Polish Crisis 53