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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Sino-Soviet Relations

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Jelen, Bolesław

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Kania, Stanislaw

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Poland. Embassy (China)

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki speaks before the United Nations General Assembly on October 2, 1957.

Rapacki, Adam

1909 - 1970

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Drozniak, Edward

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September 3, 1968	The Position of the Communist Party of Cuba Towards the Conference of the Communist Parties and the Problems of the International Revolutionary Movement This report describes how the Cuban Communist Party's position diverges from the broader international communist movement and how it desires to maintain neutrality in Sino-Soviet disputes.
February 12, 1969	Note from the Conversation between the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Jędrychowski, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Cuba, Flores Ibarra The discussion between Comrade Jędrychowski, Poland’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Cuban Ambassador Flores Ibarra focused on Polish-Cuban trade and political relations. The conversation highlighted challenges in bilateral trade, including sugar overproduction and quality concerns for Cuban citrus fruits, while emphasizing Cuba's plans to diversify exports and expand coffee and sugar production. Politically, relations were characterized as stable, with mutual understanding, though the Cuban ambassador explained Cuba’s absence from recent Communist Party congresses due to internal decisions. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
June 4, 1969	Cipher No. 6247 from Havana This document discusses Cuba's decision to send observers to a Soviet-led conference, highlighting their shift from a previously neutral position due to pressure from Brezhnev and the Soviet Politburo. The decision, driven by the desire to maintain Soviet support during a difficult period, was met with caution due to fears of Chinese economic retaliation, signaling potential tensions in Sino-Cuban relations. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 3, 1959	Record of Conversation between Comrade N.S. Khrushchev and Comrade Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh informs Khrushchev about relations between Vietnam and Laos, and Khrushchev briefs Ho Chi Minh on Soviet relations with the UAR and Iraq. Khrushchev expresses support for Nasser. They also discuss the success of the USSR's seven-year plan and DRV's upcoming five year plan.
July 2, 1962	A. Krajewski, 'Assessment of Polish Position in Cuba during the Visit of Minister Rapacki, Based on the Conversations I had in Havana After his Departure' According to this Polish report, Soviet Ambassador Kudryavtsev’s dismissal was made at Fidel Castro’s explicit request.
August 14, 1962	Bolesław Jeleń, 'Memo to Department VI [Latin America]' According to the Polish embassy in Havana, Sovie Ambassador Sergei Kudryavtsev failed to develop a sufficiently close relationship with Castro. The report also comments on the visit of Adam Rapacki to Cuba.
December 13, 1962	Bolesław Jeleń, 'Information Note' According to the Polish ambassador, Moscow’s goal to install missile launchers in Cuba was not completely clear. The explanation given by the Soviet Deputy Premier Sergei Mikoyan that Moscow wanted to use the missiles to obtain a guarantee for Cuba had obvious holes, Jeleń argued. To him, the Soviet move seemed more like a political ploy than military strategy. Warsaw’s emissary in Havana concluded his critical observations by stating that the Soviet Union did not make a mistake in withdrawing the missiles as the Cubans suggested but rather by installing them in the first place.
1948	Preliminary Plan for Operational Invigilation against Rada Polonii Amerykańskiej This is a counterintelligence report from 1948 (exact date not indicated) on operational actions taken against Rada Polonii Amerykańskiej (American Relief for Poland, or the ARP) in connection with the distribution of CARE packages in Poland. Although the Communists ruling Poland initially warmly welcomed support from foreign aid organizations, this changed in the late 1940s as Moscow placed trusted Communist leaders in power who were under pressure to reject contact with the West. The activities of CARE and other similar organizations began to be seen as unwanted foreign agents. CARE was treated with indifference, impatience, and finally, unconcealed hostility
February 12, 1946	Letter, William N. Haskell to Ambassador Oskar Lange In February 1946, William N. Haskell, executive director of the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe (CARE), wrote to Oskar Lange, the Polish ambassador in Washington, DC, explaining the CARE plan, and asking for his assistance in obtaining Polish government’s consent to its extension to Poland.
October 24, 1946	Sokół Polski: 'CARE Food Packages are Welcome Gifts in Poland' The October 24, 1946, issue of the Sokół Polski (Polish Falcon), the official publication of Polish Falcons of America, features an article on CARE in Poland.

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Jelen, Bolesław 27

Kania, Stanislaw 20

Poland. Embassy (China) 16

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich 15

Drozniak, Edward 15

Soviet Union 190

United States 90

China-Eastern Europe Relations 57

China-Europe Relations 57

Cuban Missile Crisis 46

Sino-Soviet Relations 45

1980-81 Polish Crisis 39