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Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

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Middle East

Israel

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North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Photograph of Sayyida Zainab bin Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Shrine.

Middle East

Syria

Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918 - 1970

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

The Six-Day War (1967)

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Anatoly Dobrynin, 1977

Dobrynin, Anatoly Fedorovich

1919 - 2010

Emblem of the People's Republic of China

China. State Council

1954 -

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September 12, 1962	Record of a Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev With the Minister of State and Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia in the UN, Ahmad Shukeiry On September 12, 1962, N.S. Khrushchev met with Saudi Arabian representative Ahmad Shukeiry in Gagra to discuss various global issues. They covered Soviet intervention in Egypt and the Middle East, European imperialism in Africa, the Algerian and Indonesian struggles against colonial powers, and US elections and labor unions. Khrushchev emphasized the USSR’s competition with the capitalist world, while Shukeiry expressed gratitude for Soviet support in Arab and anti-imperialist movements, including Palestine. They also discussed potential Soviet-Saudi diplomatic relations and Khrushchev’s possible visit to the UN General Assembly.
July 26, 1962	Transcript of the Conversation Between N.S. Khrushchev and the Ambassador of the Syrian Arab Republic to the USSR, Rafik Asha On July 26, 1962, N.S. Khrushchev met with Syrian Ambassador Rafik Asha for a farewell conversation before Asha’s departure to assume a higher post in Syria. Asha expressed deep appreciation for his time in the USSR and reaffirmed his commitment to strengthening Soviet-Syrian relations. The discussion covered Syria’s internal challenges, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and the dissolution of the Syrian-Egyptian union, with Khrushchev emphasizing continued Soviet support for Syria’s independence and stability.
October 9, 1961	Reception of Mohammed Murad Ghaleb, Ambassador of the United Arab Republic in the USSR, by N. S. Khrushchev Khrushchev and Ambassador Ghaleb discuss Soviet-UAR relations, emphasizing cooperation on the Aswan Dam and differing views on the UN “troika” proposal. Khrushchev offers candid criticism of Western influence and advises caution regarding Arab unification efforts, referencing the recent Syrian secession.
July 22, 1961	Reception by Cde. N.S. Khrushchev of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's new economic program and revolutionary history with Sudanese Prime Minister Ibrahim Abboud, emphasizing the USSR's achievements and its commitment to peaceful, cooperative relations with Sudan. He critiques Western imperialism and urges Sudan to allow Soviet aid flights to the Congo, arguing that supporting anti-colonial movements is a moral duty. The conversation also touches on Sudan's domestic policies, its cautious approach to socialism, and opportunities for expanded economic and technical cooperation between the two countries.
June 24, 1905	H.R. Rankin, 'Report on [sic.] expedition to “Oasis of Siwa” starting from Mersa Matrouh' In 1905, H.A. Rankin led an expedition from Mersa Matrouh to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt to collect valuable date palm offshoots for export to the United States as part of an early US effort to introduce date farming to arid regions. Though intended as a report on the palm collection, Rankin’s account reads more like a travel narrative, highlighting the hardships of desert travel, encounters with Bedouins, and the hospitality of Siwa’s local leaders. His detailed observations provide a firsthand glimpse into the human and environmental challenges behind the USDA’s agricultural ambitions abroad.
May 1892	For the Innocent Ones On May 8 and 9, 1892, the Italian-language newspaper published in Cairo, L’Imparziale (“The Impartial”), ran an unsigned editorial on its first and second pages titled, “For the Innocent Ones.” The article describes the frequent abandonment of newborns on the streets in late-nineteenth-century Egypt and blames the female servants of foreign families in Egypt for this social and moral crisis.
February 13, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the Egyptian Ambassador to the USSR Mohammed Al-Kun As Ambassador El-Kuni bid farewell to Khrushchev, he thanked the Soviet Union for its support of the Arab peoples and the UAR, while Khrushchev expressed hope for continued strong relations, highlighting the Aswan Dam as a lasting symbol of friendship. Khrushchev also privately criticized the UAR's treatment of communists and warned that undemocratic practices could strain relations, while El-Kuni defended the government's actions as necessary for national stability.
September 24, 1960	Conversation Record of N.S. Khrushchev with G.A. Nasser in New York In their 1960 conversation in New York, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser discussed global political tensions, particularly US influence over the United Nations, the Congo crisis, and colonialism in Africa. Khrushchev criticized the UN Secretary-General as a tool of American imperialism and proposed a tripartite leadership structure representing socialist, imperialist, and neutral states. Nasser highlighted Western interference in African and Middle Eastern affairs, while both leaders expressed concerns about imperialist strategies and reaffirmed their commitment to supporting anti-colonial movements.
September 25, 1969	Letter, L.I. Brezhnev to Gamal Abdel Nasser Brezhnev assures Nasser that the friendship between the Soviet Union and Egypt is a powerful factor in the fight against imperialism in the wake of a slanderous campaign waged against Egypt.
July 18, 1968	Letter, L.I. Brezhnev to Gamal Abdel Nasser Brezhnev tells Nasser of his preference to use political settlements while working to stop Israeli aggression. Brezhnev warns that increased militarization in Egypt might inspire additional Israeli attacks.

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