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Northern Africa

Algeria

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

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Western Europe

France

The Algerian Revolution and the Communist Bloc

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

Egypt

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

The Second Asian-African Conference

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Photograph of a US POW during the Vietnam War.

Vietnam War

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Ben Bella, Ahmed

1916 - 2012

Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918 - 1970

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Photograph of John F. Kennedy in 1963

Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald)

1917 - 1963

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Photograph of Prince Nordom Sihanouk

Norodom Sihanouk, Prince

1922 - 2012

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September 12, 1962	Record of a Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev With the Minister of State and Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia in the UN, Ahmad Shukeiry On September 12, 1962, N.S. Khrushchev met with Saudi Arabian representative Ahmad Shukeiry in Gagra to discuss various global issues. They covered Soviet intervention in Egypt and the Middle East, European imperialism in Africa, the Algerian and Indonesian struggles against colonial powers, and US elections and labor unions. Khrushchev emphasized the USSR’s competition with the capitalist world, while Shukeiry expressed gratitude for Soviet support in Arab and anti-imperialist movements, including Palestine. They also discussed potential Soviet-Saudi diplomatic relations and Khrushchev’s possible visit to the UN General Assembly.
July 26, 1962	Transcript of the Conversation Between N.S. Khrushchev and the Ambassador of Morocco to the USSR, Abdel’kebir El-Fassi On July 26, 1962, N.S. Khrushchev met with Moroccan Ambassador Abdel’kebir El-Fassi to discuss Soviet-Moroccan relations. El-Fassi expressed gratitude for Soviet support during the Suez Crisis and in decolonization efforts and emphasized Morocco’s desire to strengthen political, economic, and military ties with the USSR. The conversation also covered regional issues, including Algeria’s internal situation, Morocco’s concerns over Mauritania’s independence, and efforts to free Moroccan territory from Spanish control.
July 22, 1961	Reception by Cde. N.S. Khrushchev of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's new economic program and revolutionary history with Sudanese Prime Minister Ibrahim Abboud, emphasizing the USSR's achievements and its commitment to peaceful, cooperative relations with Sudan. He critiques Western imperialism and urges Sudan to allow Soviet aid flights to the Congo, arguing that supporting anti-colonial movements is a moral duty. The conversation also touches on Sudan's domestic policies, its cautious approach to socialism, and opportunities for expanded economic and technical cooperation between the two countries.
December 30, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 37 (Overall Issue No. 164) This issue contains the joint declaration between China and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, support for the Soviet Union's proposal to withdraw foreign troops from Berlin, updates on administrative reorganization in multiple provinces, establishment of a Maritime Arbitration Commission under the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and measures to combat schistosomiasis in livestock. Additionally, it discusses the management of annual reports for 1958, organization of rural People's Communes, and diplomatic appointments, including the assignment of ambassadors to Sweden.
September 27, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 27 (Overall Issue No. 154) This issue features China's formal declaration of its territorial sea policy, emphasizing sovereignty over the Taiwan Strait and surrounding islands, congratulatory messages to Algeria on the establishment of its provisional government, and a directive on reforms to align the education system with socialist objectives.
April 30, 1958	Transcript of the Negotiations between the Soviet Leadership and the Leadership of the UAR The two sides first discuss the aggression of the USA, England, and France towards the Arab nations over natural resources. The two sides then discuss bilateral relations and affairs in the Middle East.
October 4, 1990	Cable No. 1197 from Ambassador Nonoyama Tadayuki (Jordan) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Meeting of Prime Minister Kaifu with Crown Prince Hassan (Briefing for Accompanying Reporters)' Briefing for accompanying reports about Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu's meeting with Jordanian Crown Prince Hassan during Kaifu's visit to the Middle East following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
November 20, 1958	Letter from Frederick H. Boland to Con Cremin (Dublin) (Private and Confidential), New York The report of Ireland’s permanent representative to the United Nations to his superior, the secretary of the Department of External Affairs, delivers his account of Aiken’s first (failed) attempt to generate support for a resolution in the Thirteenth UN Session. Recognizing the breadth and depth of opposition, he withdrew his draft resolution and instead requested a simple roll call vote in favor of the second paragraph on 31 October – a modest statement acknowledging that an expansion in the number of nuclear weapons states would be harmful to peace and increase obstacles to disarmament. The measure passed with 37 votes and no opposition, although 44 abstentions were recorded. The Soviet bloc supported the maneuver, while Western-aligned countries abstained.
October 2, 1957	Memorandum by Frank Aiken [on an Interview with Scott McCleod and the Taoiseach] Aiken made an immediate impression on his arrival in the Twelfth Session of the UN General Assembly in September 1957. He adopted an impartial posture of assessing each issue on its merits and campaigning to remodel international politics around self-determination, humanitarianism, and peace. His exhortation was that only the UN had the moral authority and political legitimacy to put forward global solutions. While he did not propose nuclear disarmament measures specifically, his intent was signaled by his recommendation for a mutual drawback of foreign forces (including their nuclear weapons) in central Europe and his endorsement of a proposal to discuss the representation of China in the United Nations. The Eisenhower administration was hostile to Aiken’s course as outlined in the U.S. ambassador’s audience with Taoiseach Eamon de Valera and Aiken in Dublin on 2 October. The record underlines the Irish concerns about accidental nuclear war due to the proximity of opposing U.S. and Soviet forces in central Europe.
August 30, 1994	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with King Hussein Bin Talal of Jordan on 29 August 1994 at the Chancellor’s Office, 16.30 hours until 17.50 hours Kohl and King Hussein look into the situation in the Middle East and in Northern Africa. They focus on on the situation in the individual countries of the Middle East, the perspectives of the peace process in the region and the bilateral relationship between Germany and Jordan.