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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Interkit, 1966-1987

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Cuban Foreign Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875 - 1965

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November 14, 1954	Jawaharlal Nehru, 'Note on Visit to China and Indo-China' Nehru gives a detailed report on his visit to China and Indo-China. He first gives a summary of the issues and topics he covered in discussions in China with Zhou En-Lai and Mao, which covered a broad range of subjects including China's Five Year Plan, and various foreign policy issues. Nehru then describes his visit to Indochina, where he speaks with Ho Chi Minh (five days after he takes control of Hanoi) in North Vietnam, and also tours South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
August 21, 1989	Transcript of Meeting of the Executive Politburo of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party Ceauşescu and the Romanian Executive Politburo discuss events in Poland in August 1989 and Ceauşescu's message to the other socialist countries concerning it.
October 4, 1960	Note from the GPRA Secretary General to Foreign Missions and Delegations, ‘Our Foreign Policy’ A memo from Algeria's Secretary General to its foreign missions and delegations, regarding Algeria's foreign policy. Explains, first, Algeria's current position in regard to the "socialist camp," noting recent positive signs of improvements in Algeria's relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Identifies apprehensions within the western bloc that Algeria may slide toward the socialist camp, and gives instructions on how to respond to and reduce these apprehensions, so as to more fully broaden Algeria's base of support in its struggle against France. The memo recognizes that the western bloc is still supporting France in its fight to keep Algeria as a colonial subject, and recommends issuing an ultimatum to these western countries; either they cease complicity with France or be considered fundamentally hostile to the Algerian cause.
1959	List of Recognitions of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) List of countries that have recognized the GPRA as representing an independent Algerian government.
January 31, 1962	Letter from the GPRA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ‘Confidential Note to the Heads of Missions and Delegations' Confidential note from Algeria's Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the heads of Algeria's diplomatic missions and delegations. The note, written in Cairo on January 31, 1962, focuses on the position that African and Asian countries currently hold at the center of a global struggle between colonialists and neo-colonialists. Points out that Algeria's struggle with France remains a focal point of reference for these countries, and that Algeria must clearly define its foreign policies and positions on international issues.
November 8, 1960	Report from the General Secretary, ‘Our Diplomatic Action’ November 8th, 1960 memo explaining the status of Algerian diplomatic relations. Notes that Algeria's current diplomatic position is very strong, and one of its best assets. Warns that France will try to undermine foreign assistance to Algeria in order to isolate the GPRA in French-Algerian negotiations. Concludes by suggesting that Algeria maintain consultation with sympathetic countries before making decisions, to strengthen mutual trust and alliances. Gives a list of governments to consult before making major decisions, including all Arab countries, China, USSR, Vietnam, Guinea, Ghana, and Indonesia.
September 1, 1960	Letter to the GPRA Prime Minister, ‘Mission Summary’ A letter to the Algerian Prime Minister, describing diplomatic meetings in Cairo with ambassadors from China and the Soviet Union. In meeting with Chinese ambassador, discusses China's delivery of supplies and war materials for Algerians, Chinese training of Algerian communications technicians, and economic arrangements between the two countries. In meeting with Soviet ambassador, Algerian ambassador requests a specific list of weapons provided by the USSR from 1956-58, and other general areas of Soviet assistance for the Algerian cause.
January 18, 1962	Note to the GPRA Minister of Foreign Affairs, ‘Mission to Cuba' Report from Lakhdar Brahimi -- GPRA representative at celebration of Cuban revolution in Havana -- on meeting with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, both of whom express considerable interest in Algerian revolution. Fidel Castro pledges Cuban support, both material and diplomatic, advises Algeria on how to proceed in negotiations with France, and strongly encourages the opening of an Algerian diplomatic mission in Cuba. Brahimi concludes with recommendations on how best to respond to Cuban suggestions and an outline of potential strategic benefits from a diplomatic relationship between two countries.
July 1996	A. Bouzid, ‘Summary of Armament during the 1954 Revolution' Summarizes the logistical process and efforts of armament for the Algerian revolution, from 1947-1962. Lists the various countries who supplied the Algerians with weapons and ammunition, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Libya, East Germany, and China. Outlines, in detail, the processes for transporting weapons across borders, the logistical structure of departments handling distribution and supply of weapons for the revolution, and modes of transport for these supplies.
June 18, 1961	Appendix to 'Summary of Meeting between Ambassador to Arab States Kiesewetter and General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker' Note from Algeria's Socialist Countries Bureau describing the June 17, 1961 meeting with the GDR Ambassador to Arab Countries. Note explains that the East German government is contemplating the unilateral "de jure" recognition of Algeria's government, and recommends that Algeria does not oppose this recognition.

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC) 21

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 17

Rhee, Syngman 17

Soviet Union 295

United States 128

North Korea 107

Eastern Europe 81

Sino-Soviet Relations 104

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 78

Interkit, 1966-1987 51

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 46

Cuban Foreign Relations 44