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Anti-Nuclear Peace Movements

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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

1957 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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1989 -

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International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)

2007 -

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Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald)

1917 - 1963

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November 10, 1966	Directive to the Soviet Representative at the United Nations The Soviet position was to not concur with the proposal to not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states without consideration of whether they had nuclear weapons (presumably belonging to a nuclear weapon state) on their territory.
December 16, 1951	VKP(b) CC Politburo to Vyshinsky A directive from the Politburo, instructing Vyshinsky on voting strategies for a UN draft resolution regarding nuclear armaments control. Vyshinsky is to vote against the draft of the three powers unless India proposes transferring the draft to the Commission; he is also to vote against all points of the draft except the individual secondary provisions.
August 29, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Kwame Nkrumah Khrushchev and Nkrumah discuss key international issues, including nuclear disarmament, the German peace settlement, and anti-colonial struggles. Khrushchev urges Nkrumah to take a clear position at the upcoming Belgrade conference, arguing that neutrality is no longer viable given the global tensions and the threat of war.
July 11, 1961	Record of a Conversation of Cde. N.S. Khrushchev, with the Ambassador of India, S. Dutt The conversation between Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Indian Ambassador S. Dutt centers on bilateral relations, disarmament, and global political tensions, particularly concerning Berlin, nuclear disarmament, and US foreign policy. Khrushchev emphasizes Soviet strength in missile technology and space exploration, expressing criticism of Western powers, especially the United States, for their imperialist policies and reluctance to engage in meaningful disarmament. The discussion also highlights Khrushchev's respect for Prime Minister Nehru and India's neutral but supportive stance, with plans for Nehru to visit the Soviet Union. The conversation concludes with mutual affirmations of goodwill and shared interests in promoting global peace and cooperation. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
November 19, 1951	Telegram, Podtserov to Cde. A.A. Gromyko A draft resolution on the topic of disarmament, to be presented to the United Nations. It recommends establishing a Commission on Disarmament and charging them with developing a draft traty for the regulation of armed forces and armaments.
August 6, 1991	Neil Briscoe, 'Notes of the Secretary-General's meeting with the Permanent Observer of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the United Nations' DPRK Ambassador addresses DPRK's position on denuclearization of Korea peninsula and mentions a proposal to submit Presidential draft resolutions to the Security Council and to the General Assembly regarding the UN membership application.
August 11, 1961	N. S. Khrushchev’s Comments on a Draft Declaration on Nuclear Tests Khrushchev explains the Soviet Union's decision to resume nuclear testing, attributing it to ongoing threats from Western powers and the lack of genuine progress on disarmament. He criticizes the US, Britain, and France for continuing nuclear tests and accuses them of using peaceful testing as a cover to improve their weapons. Emphasizing that true security can only come through complete disarmament, Khrushchev defends Soviet actions as necessary for national defense while reaffirming the USSR's broader commitment to global peace and disarmament.
December 8, 1959	Copy of a Note from N. S. Khrushchev to the CPSU CC Presidium about a Further Reduction of the USSR Armed Forces Nikita Khrushchev outlines a proposal to the CPSU CC Presidium for a significant reduction in the USSR's armed forces by 1 to 1.5 million personnel, even without reciprocal actions from other countries. He argues that the Soviet Union's advancements in missile technology and nuclear capabilities ensure its defense without the need for a large standing army, thereby enhancing economic efficiency and bolstering international prestige. Khrushchev emphasizes that such unilateral disarmament would reduce Cold War tensions, undermine militaristic factions globally, and improve the Soviet Union’s image as a proponent of peace. He suggests transitioning to a mixed system of professional and territorial (militia) forces to maintain readiness while lowering costs. The proposal aims to strengthen both domestic and international support for the USSR while showcasing the superiority of the socialist system. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
January 31, 1958	Deputy Minister Winiewicz, 'Record of Conversation with the Ambassador of Bulgaria on Disarmament Initiatives, the 31st of this Month' Winiewicz advises the Bulgarian Ambassador to postpone the Bulgarian disarmament proposal so as not to interfere with the Rapacki Plan.
January 13, 1958	T. Gede, 'Record of a Subsequent (2) Breakfast on Jan. 13, 1958' Record of talks between several ambassadors, in which they discuss the Rapacki Plan and Bulganin's letters.

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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 36

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 27

Onderco, Michal 23

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 18

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) 16

Soviet Union 155

United States 147

Great Britain 68

Indian Nuclear History 64

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 61

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 43

Civil Society and Nuclear Risk Reduction 41

Anti-Nuclear Peace Movements 40