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Gyeongbokgung

East Asia

South Korea

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Kuzbari, Zouheir

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Press Briefing by Permanent Observer of Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the UN, 7 July 1976.

Inter-Korean Relations

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Syngman Rhee Era

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

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Korea at the United Nations

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Narasimhan, C. V. (Chakravarthi V.)

1915 -

Photograph of Korean War armistice signing

Korean War Armistice

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Ozbudun, Ahmet H.

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Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

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United States. Department of State

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Documents

September 16, 1980	Saddam Hussein and His Advisers Discussing Iraq's Decision to Go to War with Iran Transcript of a meeting between Saddam Hussein, the National Command and the Revolutionary Command Council discussing the military situation during the Iran-Iraq War, mainly regarding the disputed territory along the Shatt Al-'Arab river.
June 30, 1951	Ciphered Telegram No. 3917, Filippov [Stalin] to Krasovsky, for Cde. Mao Zedong Telegram from Stalin to Mao advising how to reply to the American request for armistice negotiations.
January 19, 1954	Central Intelligence Agency, NIE 12.4-54, Probable Developments in Eastern Germany Through 1955 Estimating the current situation and probable developments in East Germany through 1955.
April 14, 1988	Lecture by Sergei Akhromeyev, 'The Current State of Soviet Military Doctrine' This is a transcript of a lecture delivered by Sergei Akhromeyev, the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces, to the Polish General Staff about Soviet military doctrine in early 1988. The document defines what the Soviets meant by military doctrine, differentiating between the doctrine of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact by stressing the former’s wider range objectives, especially concerning the use of strategic nuclear weapons. In addition, it identifies contemporary issues facing Soviet doctrine and analyzes topics such as nuclear non-proliferation, reduction of nuclear stockpiles and refutes the idea that nuclear weapons should be used in a counter-offensive operation. It stresses the importance of defense, negating offensive military preparedness in lieu of purely defensive Warsaw Pact capabilities (albeit altogether sufficient to successfully deter a NATO attack from the West). It also discusses the results of the March 2-3 1988 NATO talks and concludes that the West is not willing to stop the arms race and is increasing its offensive capabilities. The Warsaw Pact’s response should include increased military research, better vigilance to capture signals of a possible attack and more tactical and technical training for the military command. It asserts that even though a war is less likely than in the past, quoting Gorbachev, “the nature of capitalism itself can be the cause of war.”
May 24, 1974	Memorandum of Conversation between Emil Bodnaras and Harry G. Barnes, US Ambassador to Romania
November 22, 1978	Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Treaty Member Countries Meeting minutes taken by Romanian Ambassador Vasile Sandru at sessions of the Warsaw Treaty Political Consultative Committee, taking place in Moscow on 22-23 November 1978. Session I contains a speech by Leonid Brezhnev in which he discusses détente, Warsaw Pact economic cooperation, disarmament, national liberation movements, and relations with China, the Western countries, and Japan. In Session II and III political leaders of the other Warsaw member countries respond to Brezhnev’s speech. Session IV features a report by Commander-in-Chief Viktor Kulikov on the United Armed Forces. He recommends an increase in military expenditures. All of the leaders agree, except for Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania.
June 21, 1953	CIA Current Intelligence Bulletin on Comments by Charles Bohlen and the Deployment of Soviet Troops Charles Bohlen, ambassador to the Soviet Union, speculates on liberalization reforms in East Germany and their potential impact on Soviet leadership and the reaction of other Satellite nations, following the East German uprising.
June 22, 1953	Minute from Selwyn Lloyd to Winston Churchill, Reflecting British Perspectives on the Berlin Uprising Lloyd emphasizes Germany’s large role in the unification of Europe, and the importance of maintaining the sympathies of the West German population. He provides suggestions for how to proceed in Germany, and requests Churchill’s views on the matter.
December 11, 1953	National Security Council, NSC 174, Draft 'United States Policy Toward The Soviet Satellites In Eastern Europe' This report by the National Security Council discusses Soviet control over Eastern Europe, barriers to Soviet control of the satellites, and the power threat that consolidation poses to the United States. As a result, the NSC recommends that United States pursue a policy of resistance towards Soviet domination of its Eastern European satellites, and should impose pressure and propaganda to weaken Soviet influence.
June 28, 1967	The Visit of the Czechoslovak President's Special Envoy, V. Koucki, to the UAR The document summarizes Czechoslovak Politburo Secretary Vladimir Koucki's conversations with UAR President Gamal A. Nasser, Vice President Zakaria Muhi al-Din,and Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Secretary Ali Sabri during his visit to the UAR. The conversations concerned the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 and the UAR's military and economic situation. Koucki draws three conclusions about the UAR's position, mentioning pressure from internal and external reactionary forces and the lagging national economy. The appendix contains a report on military issues raised during a conversation between the commander of the UAR armed forces, General Muhammad Fawzi, and General Miroslav Smoldash of the Czech delegation. Koucki attributes Egypt's defeat in the war to technical and tactical weaknesses of the military leadership. He recommends that Czech cooperation with the UAR include economic support, military training, and delivery of military equipment.