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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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People's Party of Iran (Tudeh)

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Soviet Nuclear History

Iran's Tudeh Party

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

Iran-Soviet Relations

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Ivanov, Vasily Ivanovich

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

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May 25, 1961	Transcript of the Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev And The Prime Minister of the Somali Republic Abdirashid Ali Shermarke Khrushchev and Somali Prime Minister Shermarke discuss Somalia’s efforts to maintain political and economic independence following decolonization, with Shermarke requesting Soviet assistance for development projects in agriculture, industry, and infrastructure. Khrushchev emphasizes the Soviet Union’s support for anti-imperialist movements and offers potential economic cooperation while acknowledging the need to balance assistance with domestic priorities.
February 18, 1961	Instructions of N. S. Khrushchev to the CPSU CC Concerning the Preparation of a Letter to Asian and African Countries About a Reorganization of the UN Khrushchev criticizes UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld for failing to prevent the murder of Patrice Lumumba, arguing that those who enabled the conditions for his death share responsibility. He calls for the reorganization of the United Nations to ensure equal representation for all countries, asserting that its current structure serves the interests of colonial and imperial powers rather than newly independent states.
February 14, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the Turkish Ambassador Fahri Korutürk Khrushchev shares details of recent Soviet economic achievements and discusses the possibility of a joint Soviet-Turkish dam project on the Aras River, which the Turkish ambassador, Fahri Korutürk, agrees to consider. Khrushchev expresses interest in improving bilateral relations, referencing historical cooperation, while briefly noting Turkey’s ties to NATO—a topic the ambassador chooses not to pursue.
February 13, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the Egyptian Ambassador to the USSR Mohammed Al-Kun As Ambassador El-Kuni bid farewell to Khrushchev, he thanked the Soviet Union for its support of the Arab peoples and the UAR, while Khrushchev expressed hope for continued strong relations, highlighting the Aswan Dam as a lasting symbol of friendship. Khrushchev also privately criticized the UAR's treatment of communists and warned that undemocratic practices could strain relations, while El-Kuni defended the government's actions as necessary for national stability.
January 3, 1961	Record of Conversation between Members of the Indonesian Delegation and N.S. Khrushchev During a January 1961 meeting with Khrushchev, an Indonesian delegation requested Soviet military support—including arms, aircraft, and infrastructure—to bolster defenses amid escalating Dutch activity in Western New Guinea (Papua). They also sought eased loan repayment terms, emphasizing shared anti-colonial goals and the urgency of strengthening Indonesia's position against potential unrest and foreign intervention.
September 17, 1960	On the Question of Congo (Dictated by N.S. Khrushchev) Khrushchev condemns Congolese colonizers for using "dirty tactics" to topple the democratically-elected leader of newly-independent Congo, Patrice Lumumba. He says that while they may have succeeded today, the people of Congo will rise again and reclaim their government
March 9, 1982	Record of a Conversation between Cde. L. I. Brezhnev and M. Koivisto, President of Finland In a meeting between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and Finnish President Mauno Koivisto on March 9, 1982, both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the 1948 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Aid, emphasizing the strong and stable relations between their countries. They discussed economic cooperation, trade balance adjustments, and the importance of maintaining détente amid growing tensions between the US and the Soviet Union. Additionally, they exchanged views on international security, arms control, and the Madrid Conference, expressing mutual interest in continuing diplomatic collaboration and extending the treaty’s duration.
July 1972	Supplement to the Report about Negotiations with F. Castro G. Tsukanov summarizes Fidel Castro's 1972 visit to the USSR. According to Tsukanov, the trip will be useful in facilitating Cuba's socialist position. Important discussion topics from Castro's visit include the Soviet-American negotiations, Soviet economic assistance to Cuba, and the political course of Latin America.
June 1, 1972	Summary of a Conversation between O. Darusenkov and Comrade Rodriguez O. Darusenkov writes about a meeting he had with Comrade Rodriquez. During the meeting, Darusenkov learned that Castro is uncomfortable with Nixon's recent visit to the USSR, believing that the visit's timing shifts the moral weight of the Vietnam War onto the Soviet Union. Darusenkov also explains that Soviet comrades should publicly greet Castro upon his arrival.
June 1, 1972	Summary of a Conversation between O. Darusenkov and Fidel Castro O. Darusenkov explains that Fidel Castro has changed his itinerary for his visit to the USSR, deciding to emphasize conversations with Soviet leaders over a tour of the country. Furthermore, Darusenkov relates that though Castro will engage in economic discussions, he wishes that the economic dimension of his visit be kept secret. Castro's disdain for Nixon following the President's visit to the USSR is also made clear.

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People's Party of Iran (Tudeh) 69

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 64

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Ivanov, Vasily Ivanovich 35

Soviet Union 517

United States 136

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Nikita Khrushchev Collection 124

Iran's Tudeh Party 69

Soviet Nuclear History 69

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