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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

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East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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November 10, 1965	Estimate of the Need for Armament and Equipment to Assist the Security Forces of Developing Countries and Organizations of the National Liberation Movement for the Years 1966-1968
January 28, 1972	Czechoslovak Embassy in Havana to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 6th Territorial Department, 'Cuba-Latin America-USA Relations in the Second Half of 1971' The document discusses Cuba's evolving foreign relations in the second half of 1971, emphasizing its efforts to normalize ties with Latin American countries and reduce its isolation. Key achievements include strengthened relations with Chile and Peru, entry into the "Group of 77," and growing interest among Latin American states in reestablishing connections with Cuba, despite U.S. opposition. Fidel Castro's high-profile visit to Chile and growing support for Cuba within the region are contrasted with the stagnation of US-Cuban relations, where Cuba remains a contentious issue in American politics. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 17, 1970	Protocol of the Conversations Between Comrade Todor Zhivkov - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the BKP and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the PRB, and Comrade Gustav Husak - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the KSČ The protocol summarizes the discussions between Todor Zhivkov, representing Bulgaria, and Gustav Husak, representing Czechoslovakia, during Zhivkov's visit to Prague in February 1970. The talks addressed internal party and economic developments in both countries, focusing on consolidating socialist principles and addressing challenges like economic planning and international relations. The leaders emphasized enhancing bilateral cooperation through economic specialization and cultural exchange and reaffirmed their commitment to Marxism-Leninism and solidarity with the Soviet Union. The visit reinforced their shared vision for strengthening socialist unity and addressing international challenges collaboratively. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
November 17, 1964	Echo of Recent International Events in Cuba This document provides an in-depth analysis of Cuba's reactions to various international developments during late 1964. Cuban leaders were pleased with the radical anti-imperialist tone and diplomatic successes of the Cairo Conference of Non-Aligned Countries. Fidel Castro welcomed French President de Gaulle's anti-American stance during his Latin America trip, linking it to tensions in pro-American governments. The British Labour Party's election victory was viewed positively, fostering hopes for policies aligned with Cuba's interests. Domestically, Nikita Khrushchev's ousting in the USSR created distrust and concerns about the continuity of Soviet support. Lastly, Cuba cautiously celebrated China's first nuclear test, seeing it as a potential shift in global power dynamics favoring socialism. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 2, 1962	A. Krajewski, 'Assessment of Polish Position in Cuba during the Visit of Minister Rapacki, Based on the Conversations I had in Havana After his Departure' According to this Polish report, Soviet Ambassador Kudryavtsev’s dismissal was made at Fidel Castro’s explicit request.
April 1961	Information of the Soviet Ambassador in Cuba on 18 April Czechoslovak diplomats in Havana inform Prague of the Soviet envoy’s admission that the threat of US-sponsored counter-revolution left Castro with no other choice but to turn to Marx and Lenin and to rely on the help of the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries
January 9, 1961	J. Miller, 'The Danger of Military Aggression against Cuba and a Proposal for Further Measures of Czechoslovak Intelligence in Support of Revolutionary Cuba' The head of the Czechoslovak intelligence observed that the interruption of diplomatic relations with the US in January 1961 brought the immediate danger of military aggression against Cuba.
December 3, 1989	Dialogues between Saddam Hussein, Iraqi ambassadors and journalists in foreign countries This file contains dialogues between Saddam Hussein and Iraqi ambassadors in foreign countries. This period contains an Iraqi ambassador comment on the Zionist influence in the United States. He stated that the American brains were conducting the Zionism in the United States. He added that the Jewish immigration whether to Israel or to the United states would create a threat on the Arab Countries. Saddam commented that the Soviet Jewish immigration to these states would decrease because the regime has changed in the Soviet Union. He said that Israel wished the Berlin wall would move to the States of the Middle East. Their target was to eliminate the wall separating them from the Arab States. He added that the democratic changes were continuously occurring. He gave an example about a protest in Czechoslovakia. It leads to the resignation of 11 Ministers of the Czechoslovakian government. Saddam answered that when a protest occurred in the Yarmuk City, Iraq, the Revolutionary Command Council considered carefully how to deal with the protest. . Israel was afraid from the Iraqi evolution to a technologically developed country. Saddam stated that every new power appearing in the world might threaten the two existent enormous poles. That was the reason Iraq fought. This period contains the Saddam declaration on the ambassadors' freedom to express their opinions. He also noticed that they were well prepared for the discussion. He added that the good preparation for the conferences was the key of their success.
September 16, 1960	Information Report of the Delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Czech Republic from VIII. Congress of the People's Socialist Party of Cuba Prague dispatched delegates to the Eighth Congress of the PSP in August 1960. Speaking at the gathering, the Cuban communist leader, Blas Roca Calderio, effectively offered his stamp of approval to Castro before the Czechoslovakian guests, recognizing him as a “new phenomenon in Latin America’s history.” In their comments, the Czechoslovaks demonstrated their satisfaction with the deepening influence of the Cuban communists within the country’s socio-political transformations, which held the serious potential to increase the significance of the Cuban revolution in the eyes of the Soviet Union and the other Socialist states.
March 10, 1959	Record about an Interview with Comrade Severo Aguirre, a Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the People’s Socialist Party of Cuba After talking with the member of the PSP's Central Committee, Severo Aguirre, Prague’s Communist Party leaders saw a glimmer of hope for the further radicalization of the revolution: the fact that the “bourgeois” leaders of the revolutionary army, the Castro brothers, and Ernesto “Che” Guevara, relied on the people’s army, on which the communists had significant influence.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

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Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36