Record
about an interview with Comrade Severo Aguirre, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the People’s Socialist Party of Cuba
Comrade Aguirre reported on the situation in Cuba and the work of the People's Socialist Party (PSP) of Cuba.
He stated that the guerilla movement in Cuba, which originally began as isolated armed actions of petty-bourgeois democrats, gradually transformed into a mass movement of armed workers and peasants, who make up 90% of the revolutionary army. Considerable credit for this development goes to the Communist Party, which for many years led the masses of the landless and small peasants to fight for land reform: the rebel leader Fidél Castro, after the failure of the tactics of isolated terrorist actions against the Batista dictatorship, began to rely on the masses of peasants who supported him when adopted the communist slogan of democratic land reform.
In 1958, the Central Committee of the PSP of Cuba sent Comrade Rodríguez, a member of the Politburo, to the staff of the insurgent movement. The party gave instructions for all-round support of the insurgent movement and gained strong positions in it. A number of important command posts were and are held by communists. Fidel Castro, who was still subject to anti-communist sentiments at the beginning of 1957 in the belief that perhaps the communists intended to "abuse" him for their own purposes, gradually got rid of anti-communist prejudices. American imperialism itself played a significant role in its positive political development, which on the one hand flirted with the Castro movement and pretended to sympathize with him, but on the other hand, included the fascist dictator Batista with all-round military assistance.
According to Cuban comrades, Castro is sensitive to the demands of the masses. In the past, the Communists often criticized Castro, even publicly, for wrongdoing that testified to the petty-bourgeois mentality of the rebel leaders. E.g. in the spring of last year, a call was issued to the soldiers of Batista's army to mutiny, along with the threat that they would be shot if they disobeyed the instruction of the rebel
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leadership. This temporarily brought the more honest members of the government army closer to the fascist criminals.
Fidél Castro belongs to the left-wing group "July 26 Movement", to which his younger, but more politically mature brother Raul (current commander-in-chief of the armed forces) also belongs. In government, Fidél Castro surrounded himself with honest, uncorrupted politicians who were partly afraid of the increasing pressure of American imperialism. Cuban PSP strives for cooperation not only with the left "July 26 movement", but also with its center. As part of the policy of the broadest democratic front, the party strives to neutralize the right-wing "July 26 movement".
The party has achieved considerable success in the reorganization of labor unions, but it must overcome the sabotage of the right wing of the "July 26 Movement", which opposes the consistent democratization of unions and does not want to cooperate with the communists. In the countryside, communists work in 300 local peasant unions. The party supports the partial land reform, which was already started in the liberated guerrilla territory and which gives the landless (the so-called precaristas) and small farmers free land up to 26 hectares and the possibility of cheaply renting land up to 39 hectares.
Cuban PSP requests an amendment to the constitutional law on land reform, which requires payment of land in advance and in cash. In the next stage of the struggle for land reform, the party will request the confiscation of the lands of latifundists. This category includes American companies that own 66% of agricultural land. The struggle for land reform is intertwined in this way with the struggle against imperialism. Fidél Castro, at the head of the revolutionary government, took the first step towards the nationalization of American utilities by placing a state control commission in the administration of the American company Tel.& Tel. Comp. [ITT], which keeps consumers' phone charges disproportionately high.
The bourgeois-democratic revolution in Cuba was and still is for the most part controlled by the anti-imperialist petit-bourgeoisie and middle national bourgeoisie. At the present time, however, the main tone is not set by the representatives of the democratic opposition in the government, but by the petit-bourgeois leaders of the revolutionary army (Fidél and Raul Castro,
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E. Guevara), who rely on the people's army. Communists and those who sympathize with them have great influence in it. In the Cuban Revolution, a popular guerrilla struggle was combined with the actions of the working class in the cities, which turned into an armed uprising of the people. The actions of the working class, actively organized mainly by the communists, thwarted the intention of the USA to replace the reactionary clique with a new figurehead after the inevitable fall of the Batista government.
In the course of the progressive bourgeois-democratic revolution, the state bourgeois apparatus was dispersed to a large extent: in the army there is only a small part of the lower officers of the former government army (those who could prove that they did not take part in military actions against the people). The police were replaced and the so-called "Bureau for the Suppression of Communism" was abolished. Political parties that had compromised themselves by participating in the election farce in November 1958 were dissolved. There was an exchange of people from the judiciary, municipal councils, including mayors. Members of the Cuban PSP actively participated in all these revolutionary actions. The Cuban bourgeois-democratic revolution was not started under the leadership of the proletariat, but the vanguard of the proletariat influenced its course with progressive slogans and tactics. The communists are creating increasingly better conditions for the deepening of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution. The forces of the counter-revolution are currently disorganized and limited to the individual groups of the reactionary bourgeoisie, they are gradually regrouping, especially with the support of the reactionary press. However, in the opinion of the Cuban comrades, this process of restoring the united front of the bourgeoisie will take some time. That is why American imperialism cannot yet step forward to openly support the counter-revolutionaries, who pretend to agree with the revolution and coin the slogan: "for the revolution, but away with the communists". In this situation, the People's Socialist Party, which had over 10,000 members at the end of December, is being renewed. The number of members has probably increased quite considerably since then. The party publishes Hoy (Today), an orientation weekly bulletin for functionaries Carta Semanal (Weekly Letter) and is preparing a reissue of the theoretical journal Fundamentos (Fundamentals). Party propaganda has two important tasks: firstly,
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to explain to the masses that they must become the main force determining further development in Cuba, and secondly, to paralyze the effects of anti-communist propaganda spread mainly by the bourgeois press, which abuses "freedom for all".
Comrade Aguirre emphasized the fact that the revolutionary commanders including Fidel Castro is counting on the fact that the US, in the event that the economic boycott of Cuba it is preparing proves to be ineffective, will step forward in time to provoke an armed struggle. In this context, the aid of socialist countries takes on extraordinary importance. Of these, Czechoslovakia in particular has particularly favorable conditions for assistance in Cuba. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were not interrupted (unlike the USSR), but only practically ceased as a result of the fact that the Czech Republic the chargé d'affaires was dismissed before February 1948 for reasons of economy. Business connections with Cuban companies lasted even during Batista's dictatorship.
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The following specific questions were raised in the interview:
1. Sending Czechoslovak trade mission to Cuba. It would have a semi-official character and would arrive without any publicity. The mission would discuss the possibility of expanding the Czech Republic. trade with Cuba and emphasized the desire to provide economic assistance to the Cuban government on the basis of mutual agreement. Cuban comrades pledge that such a trade mission, equipped with full powers and well prepared politically, will facilitate liaison with the principal representatives of the Cuban government, including Fidel Castro,
Now is an opportune moment to take such a step. According to Comrade Aguirre, Czechoslovakia can act as an "icebreaker for the socialist camp" in the Caribbean region. In connection with this, he stated that, for example, the PRC could buy Cuban sugar through Czechoslovakia (for now, it buys it through England). The Cuban comrades will report in the near future which diplomatic representative of Castro's government would be the most suitable to carry out the relevant survey. Some detailed questions related to ev. by sending an unofficial MS. trade mission to Cuba, discussed by Comrade Aguirre at the MZO [Ministry of Foreign Trade] with Comrade Hloch.
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2. Regarding the request of the Cuban comrades from the end of 1958 (supplies to the rebel army), Aguirre emphasized that the situation changed with the rapid defeat of the Batista dictatorship. According to the Cuban comrades, this act would have a very positive psychological effect not only on the masses, but also among the leaders of the July 26 Movement, for whom the possession of weapons was always the biggest problem.
3. Comrade Aguirre further requested assistance with technical equipment (typesetting machines) for the new Cuban PSP printing house. He stated that the PSP will receive help from the CPSU and the SED, which will supply a rotary machine. From our side, it would be possible to make available five preserved linotypes that have been in use until now.
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Comrade Hendrych tentatively agreed with Comrade Aguirre's ideas and demanded that he would inform the party leadership.
10/3/1959
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