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Southeast Asia

Laos

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Southeast Asia

Cambodia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photo of the Geneva Conference of 1954

Geneva Conference of 1954

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

John F. Kennedy with Prime Minister of Laos, Prince Souvanna Phouma

Laos Crisis, 1960-1963

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin)

1914 - 1989

Photograph of a US POW during the Vietnam War.

Vietnam War

First Indochina War

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Souvanna Phouma, Prince of Laos

1901 - 1984

Photograph of John F. Kennedy in 1963

Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald)

1917 - 1963

Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898 - 1969

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Documents

July 26, 1961	Record of a Conversation Between N. S. Khrushchev with J. McCloy, Special Assistant to the President of the US Khrushchev and McCloy discuss the German peace treaty, with Khrushchev praising Eisenhower’s disarmament efforts and reaffirming the USSR’s intent to sign the treaty regardless of US opposition. They exchange views on nuclear testing, disarmament, and verification mechanisms, with both sides recognizing the challenges of inspections and trust. The conversation ends with agreement to continue talks the following day to further explore disarmament and German settlement issues.
July 22, 1961	Reception by Cde. N.S. Khrushchev of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's new economic program and revolutionary history with Sudanese Prime Minister Ibrahim Abboud, emphasizing the USSR's achievements and its commitment to peaceful, cooperative relations with Sudan. He critiques Western imperialism and urges Sudan to allow Soviet aid flights to the Congo, arguing that supporting anti-colonial movements is a moral duty. The conversation also touches on Sudan's domestic policies, its cautious approach to socialism, and opportunities for expanded economic and technical cooperation between the two countries.
June 9, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the President of Indonesia Sukarno Khrushchev informs Sukarno of US intelligence involvement with Indonesian rebels and warns him to remain vigilant, noting similar US activities in other countries. Sukarno acknowledges the threat posed by US intelligence, updates Khrushchev on the internal situation with the rebels, and discusses concerns over figures within his government. At Sukarno's request, Khrushchev also provides an overview of his recent meeting with President Kennedy in Vienna, including discussions on Laos, Berlin, and disarmament.
August 1961	Record of Conversations between Cde. N. S. Khrushchev, First Secretary of the CPSU CC, and Ho Chi Minh, Chairman of the CC of the VWP Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh discuss global tensions around imperialism, nuclear disarmament, and peace talks over Germany. They review worsening Soviet relations with Albania and China, as Albania aligns with Beijing and Western powers. The leaders also address the conflicts in Laos and South Vietnam, balancing support for revolutionary forces with concerns over provoking US intervention.
July 3, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Pham Van Dong Pham informs Khrushchev of the various independence movements in Asia, such as the politics of Laos, and in Vietnam. He then debriefs Khrushchev about the relations between Vietnamese intelligentsia and the Communist Party. With regards to Communists in China, the two parties discuss the failure of the communes project.
August 14, 1949	Report to Stalin on Strategic Issues related to National Revolutionary Movements in East Asia Liu Shaoqi seeks out Stalin's advice on revolutionary movements taking place in Asia.
2003	Tran Quang Co: A Memoir The memoir of Trần Quang Cơ (1927-2015), former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), brings to light the intense diplomacy among great powers and regional players over the continued conflicts in Indochina after the unification of Vietnam as well as the bitter disagreements within the Vietnamese leadership over the country’s political priorities during the period of 1975-1993. Cơ put together his memories and thoughts on “many sensitive developments” in Vietnamese foreign relations that he believed had been “intentionally or unintentionally” forgotten (rơi rụng) in the state-endorsed history “to ‘smooth over’ (tròn trĩnh) the historical record.” Completed in Vietnamese in 2001 (updated in 2003) and informally circulated on the internet, Merle Pribbenow’s English-translation makes this valuable historical source available to wider audiences.
December 2, 1980	Politburo Resolution No. 31-NQ/TW on the Protecting Political Security and Maintaining Law and Order in Our Society in the New Situation In response to this perceived growing threat against the regime, on 2 December 1980 the Vietnamese Communist Party Politburo issued Resolution 31-NQ/TW on maintaining internal political security and law and order in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with a specific focus on increasing the power and the responsibilities of Vietnam’s Public Security and Police forces, which were subordinate to the Ministry of Interior.
September 12, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev and President of India S. Radhakrishnan Khrushchev and Indian President Radhakrishnan discuss regional tensions, including cooperation with Nepal, the situation in Kashmir, and the spread of socialism in Southeast Asia. Radhakrishnan expresses concern over Chinese aggression and reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful solutions. Khrushchev downplays China's influence, criticizing Mao Zedong’s leadership and emphasizing the unreliability of Chinese policy. Both leaders affirm the importance of continued Soviet-Indian cooperation amid regional challenges.
July 5, 1961	Record of a Conversation between N. S. Khrushchev and Chen Yi, Deputy Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Chen asks Khrushchev to go over the pressing international issues and he presents the USSR's stances on the situation in Laos, South Korea, and Cuba. Khrushchev also raises problems in GDR and difficulties in negotiations with Western powers with regards to the German question. Khrushchev also mentions Soviet plans to launch a spaceship and resume nuclear testing. The two leaders also discuss the challenges of agricultural development.