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July 25, 1994

Cable, US Embassy Bangkok to Secretary of State, 'Deputy Secretary July 24 Bilateral with FM Kozyrev'

This document records a July 24, 1994, meeting in Bangkok between US Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott and Russian Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev. The two discussed urgent international issues, including the Bosnia peace process, troop withdrawals from Estonia, Russian military pensioners' rights, and Haiti. Talbott emphasized US expectations for Russian compliance with the August 31 deadline for troop withdrawal from Estonia and highlighted the broader impact on US–Russia relations.

Date unknown

Memo on the Problem of the Black Sea Fleet

In June 1993, the Russian General Staff warned of escalating tensions over the unresolved status of the Black Sea Fleet (ChF), driven by Ukraine's territorial claims over Crimea and control of fleet assets. Disputes over the division of the fleet and its infrastructure, compounded by Ukrainian efforts to assert authority over ChF personnel and facilities, risked destabilizing regional security. The memo advised that Russia should push firmly for joint control of fleet infrastructure and, if necessary, question Crimea's 1954 transfer to Ukraine, while using diplomatic efforts to highlight the risks of ongoing deadlock.

Date unknown

RF MFA Department of Information and Press, 'Concerning Western Assessments of the Position of Ukraine on Nuclear Weapons (Information)'

As of April 1993, Western observers expressed growing concern over Ukraine's inconsistent stance on nuclear disarmament, particularly its hesitation to ratify START-1 and join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Ukraine's conditional approach to denuclearization was criticized as extortionate, risking strained relations with the West and delaying global disarmament efforts. While some countries supported Ukraine's position, most Western governments urged restraint and flexibility, emphasizing the need for international coordination, while recognizing Russia’s limited options in resolving the issue.

1993

On the Question of the Self-Determination of Crimea

Between 1991 and 1993, Crimea's political status became a source of conflict with Ukraine, as Crimean authorities pursued declarations of sovereignty and independence, while Ukraine asserted its territorial integrity. After initial moves toward secession, including plans for an independence referendum and the adoption of a separate constitution, tensions were partially eased when Crimea introduced a constitution acknowledging its status within Ukraine. However, debates over autonomy and governance continued, with further legislative developments pending in 1993.

June 8, 1993

Yu. Babich, 'Concerning the Situation in the Black Sea Fleet (Analytical Note)'

By mid-1993, tensions over control of the Black Sea Fleet (ChF) escalated sharply due to Ukrainian attempts to assert authority over the fleet, provoking protests and defections to Russian command, particularly in Sevastopol and Crimea. The crisis stems from the stalled implementation of the 1992 Yalta Agreement, which outlined shared Russian-Ukrainian oversight, while competing national interests and rising nationalist pressures have blocked a clear resolution. With local unrest growing and no firm diplomatic progress, the situation risks further destabilization without an urgent legal and political settlement at the highest levels.

December 29, 1999

Cable, Secretary of State to the US Embassy Moscow, 'Memorandum of Conversation -- Meeting between the Deputy Secretary and Russian Prime Minister Putin, Moscow, 22 December 1999'

Putin and Talbott discuss the Russian Duma elections, Chechnya, Georgia, Iran's nuclear program, and START-2.

December 18, 1998

Cable, US Embassy Moscow to the Secretary of State, 'Deputy Secretary [Talbott] Meets Malashenko'

Deputy Secretary Talbott met with Media Most Vice Chairman Igor Malashenko December 8. Malashenko reviewed the domestic political situation. He said Yeltsin would remain in office until 2000 at all costs, and suggested that Luzhkov had the best shot at succeeding him. He was positive on Yavlinskiy's strength, and saw him as a possible kingmaker and prime minister in 2000. He viewed the changes in the Presidential Administration darkly, particularly given the military counterintelligence backgrounds of key figures there and in Primakov's entourage. He said that the fate of FSB Director Putin, a Chubays protege, would be a litmus test of intentions on safeguarding civil liberties. Malashenko admitted Media Most and NTV had been severely weakened by the crisis. To buy time for the 18-24 months he estimated it would take the economy to recover, Gusinskiy was negotiating to sell a further 25 percent of the company to Gazprom.

April 23, 1997

The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Russian President Yeltsin on 17 April 1997 in Baden-Baden

Kohl and Yeltsin talk about the convocation of regular German-Russian summits including their relevant ministers. They review Yeltsin's meeting with Clinton in Helsinki on NATO enlargmement in March 1997 when Yeltsin gave his consent to the conclusion of a NATO-Russia partnership treaty based on the condition that NATO would not deploy nuclear armaments and permanent conventional forces in its new member states. Kohl points to the long-term perspective and the importance of concluding the NATO-Russia Founding Act.

August 25, 1995

The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Croatia’s President Tudjman on 25 August 1995 at 09.20 hours

Kohl emphasizes the need for a peaceful liberation of Eastern Croatia. Kohl urgently asks Tudjman to look into Croatian war crimes and human rights violations himself. Kohl wants Tudjman "to enforce discipline in the cases where the allegations were justified and penalize the people that had committed crimes."

February 12, 1994

Cable, Secretary of State to US Office Berlin (Eyes Only for Ambassador Holbrooke), 'Memcon of Clinton-Kohl January 31 Lunch'

A U.S. summary of a meeting between Bill Clinton and Helmut Kohl.

Pagination