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Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

Egypt

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Middle East

Photograph of Sayyida Zainab bin Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Shrine.

Middle East

Syria

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

Anatoly Dobrynin, 1977

Dobrynin, Anatoly Fedorovich

1919 - 2010

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Richard Nixon

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous)

1913 - 1994

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Yom Kippur War, 1973

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Soviet Union. Embassy (United States)

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

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October 9, 1961	Reception of Mohammed Murad Ghaleb, Ambassador of the United Arab Republic in the USSR, by N. S. Khrushchev Khrushchev and Ambassador Ghaleb discuss Soviet-UAR relations, emphasizing cooperation on the Aswan Dam and differing views on the UN “troika” proposal. Khrushchev offers candid criticism of Western influence and advises caution regarding Arab unification efforts, referencing the recent Syrian secession.
July 22, 1961	Reception by Cde. N.S. Khrushchev of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's new economic program and revolutionary history with Sudanese Prime Minister Ibrahim Abboud, emphasizing the USSR's achievements and its commitment to peaceful, cooperative relations with Sudan. He critiques Western imperialism and urges Sudan to allow Soviet aid flights to the Congo, arguing that supporting anti-colonial movements is a moral duty. The conversation also touches on Sudan's domestic policies, its cautious approach to socialism, and opportunities for expanded economic and technical cooperation between the two countries.
June 24, 1905	H.R. Rankin, 'Report on [sic.] expedition to “Oasis of Siwa” starting from Mersa Matrouh' In 1905, H.A. Rankin led an expedition from Mersa Matrouh to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt to collect valuable date palm offshoots for export to the United States as part of an early US effort to introduce date farming to arid regions. Though intended as a report on the palm collection, Rankin’s account reads more like a travel narrative, highlighting the hardships of desert travel, encounters with Bedouins, and the hospitality of Siwa’s local leaders. His detailed observations provide a firsthand glimpse into the human and environmental challenges behind the USDA’s agricultural ambitions abroad.
February 13, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the Egyptian Ambassador to the USSR Mohammed Al-Kun As Ambassador El-Kuni bid farewell to Khrushchev, he thanked the Soviet Union for its support of the Arab peoples and the UAR, while Khrushchev expressed hope for continued strong relations, highlighting the Aswan Dam as a lasting symbol of friendship. Khrushchev also privately criticized the UAR's treatment of communists and warned that undemocratic practices could strain relations, while El-Kuni defended the government's actions as necessary for national stability.
April 3, 1975	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with with the Secretary of State of the United States, H. Kissinger, 3 April 1975' This memorandum records a conversation between Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on April 3, 1975. Topics discussed included U.S. assurances about Soviet submarines, limitations on U.S. technology shared with Japan, and preparations for Soviet leader Brezhnev’s visit to the U.S. Kissinger also shared views on Middle East peace efforts, Southeast Asia, and ongoing disarmament negotiations, emphasizing cautious cooperation while maintaining strategic priorities.
September 1, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 26 (Overall Issue No. 153) This issue includes a declaration supporting the Soviet Union's proposal for an emergency UN General Assembly session, a joint declaration with Iraq establishing diplomatic relations, and agreements with the United Arab Republic (Egypt) to enhance postal services. It also features a joint statement with Cambodia highlighting mutual respect and cooperation, as well as updated regulations on the collection and storage of tobacco and cotton, emphasizing efficient methods to bolster agricultural and industrial productivity.
April 30, 1958	Transcript of the Negotiations between the Soviet Leadership and the Leadership of the UAR The two sides first discuss the aggression of the USA, England, and France towards the Arab nations over natural resources. The two sides then discuss bilateral relations and affairs in the Middle East.
December 26, 1973	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with US President, R. Nixon, 26 December 1973' Dobrynin presents a lengthy statement from Brezhnev to Nixon. Nixon, Kissinger, and Dobrynin subsequently discuss the conflict in the Middle East, Soviet-American relations, and transatlantic relations.
November 14, 1973	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with US President, R. Nixon 14 November 1973' Nixon receives two Soviet academics. Afterwards, Nixon and Dobrynin discuss Brezhnev's latest letter to Nixon and Nixon's plans to "force" Israel to agree to a peace settlement. Dobrynin comments on Watergate.
October 30, 1973	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with US President R. Nixon and Secretary of State H. Kissinger, 30 October 1973' Dobrynin recounts several conversations with Nixon and Kissinger about Soviet-American relations and resolving the crisis in the Middle East.